Nasal septum deviation

Introduction

Nasal septum deviation is a common physical condition involving a misalignment or displacement of the nasal septum, which is the thin wall separating the two nostrils. While some degree of deviation is common and affects roughly 80% of the population, it often goes unnoticed due to lack of symptoms.

File:Deviated Septum.jpg

Deviated Septum

Anatomy and Normal Variations

File:Deviated Septum CT Scan.jpg

Deviated Septum CT Scan

The Nasal Septum

The nasal septum is composed of bone and cartilage, covered by a thin layer of mucosa. It separates the left and right airways of the nose, creating two separate nasal cavities.

Normal Variations

Variations in the shape and alignment of the nasal septum are common. In fact, it's estimated that up to 80% of people have some degree of septal deviation. Most often, these variations are minor and individuals are unaware of the deviation as it does not cause any discomfort or breathing problems.

Pathophysiology

Nasal septum deviation refers to a situation where the septum significantly deviates from the midline, potentially causing nasal obstruction, difficulty breathing, recurring sinus infections, or nosebleeds. This deviation can be a result of a congenital condition, meaning it was present at birth, or it may develop after an injury to the nose.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a deviated septum often occurs during a routine physical examination or during an evaluation for nasal symptoms. Doctors typically use a nasal speculum to visualize the septum and identify any significant deviations. In some cases, imaging studies such as a CT scan may be required.

Treatment

While mild septum deviations that do not cause symptoms require no treatment, moderate to severe deviations causing significant symptoms may need medical or surgical intervention. The surgical procedure to correct a deviated nasal septum is known as a septoplasty.

Conclusion

A deviated nasal septum is a common condition that often goes unnoticed due to the lack of symptoms in the majority of cases. However, significant deviation can lead to nasal obstruction, difficulty in breathing, and other symptoms that may require medical attention.

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