Pericardial effusion

Pericardial effusion is fluid buildup inside of the pericardium, affecting the performance of the heart.

Pericardial effusion with tamponade

Pathophysiology

• In pericardial effusion, there is extra fluid collects between the heart and the pericardium (the sac around the heart).
• The extra fluid causes pressure on the heart.
• This keeps it from pumping blood normally.
• Lymph vessels may also be blocked, which can cause infection.

Causes

Pericardial effusions may be caused by cancer or cancer treatment, infection, injury, autoimmune disorders, thyroid disease or kidney problems etc.

Symptoms

Symptoms of pericardial effusion include chest pain, rapid heartbeat, and difficulty breathing. Fever is a common symptom of acute pericarditis.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis was with physical exam, imaging tests, and heart tests such as echocardiography to make a diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the cause and may involve pericardiocentesis

Complications

If the pericardial effusion is severe, it can lead to a life threatening emergency called cardiac tamponade where the heart is compressed due to pressure of the fluid in the pericardial sac. Immediate medical attention is required in thi case.

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