Cryptococcosis: Difference between revisions
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Cryptococcosis is an acute or chronic, localized or disseminated infection by few species of ''[[Cryptococcus]]'' (most often ''[[Cryptococcus neoformans]]'' or ''[[Cryptococcus gattii]]'').[[File:Cryptococcosis (4866523735).jpg|alt=Cryptococcosis|thumb|Cryptococcosis]] | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Cryptococcosis | |||
| image = [[File:Cryptococcus.jpg|left|thumb|Cryptococcus neoformans]] | |||
| caption = ''Cryptococcus neoformans'' | |||
| field = [[Infectious disease]] | |||
| synonyms = | |||
| symptoms = [[Fever]], [[headache]], [[cough]], [[shortness of breath]], [[confusion]] | |||
| complications = [[Meningitis]], [[pneumonia]], [[skin lesions]] | |||
| onset = Gradual | |||
| duration = | |||
| causes = ''[[Cryptococcus neoformans]]'', ''[[Cryptococcus gattii]]'' | |||
| risks = [[HIV/AIDS]], [[immunosuppressive therapy]], [[organ transplantation]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[India ink stain]], [[cryptococcal antigen test]], [[culture (microbiology)|culture]] | |||
| differential = [[Tuberculosis]], [[histoplasmosis]], [[coccidioidomycosis]] | |||
| prevention = | |||
| treatment = [[Antifungal]] medications such as [[amphotericin B]], [[flucytosine]], [[fluconazole]] | |||
| medication = | |||
| prognosis = | |||
| frequency = | |||
| deaths = | |||
}} | |||
Cryptococcosis is an acute or chronic, localized or disseminated infection by few species of ''[[Cryptococcus]]'' (most often ''[[Cryptococcus neoformans]]'' or ''[[Cryptococcus gattii]]'').[[File:Cryptococcosis (4866523735).jpg|alt=Cryptococcosis|left|thumb|Cryptococcosis]] | |||
Cryptococcosis is believed to be acquired by [[inhalation]] of the infectious [[propagule]] from the environment. | Cryptococcosis is believed to be acquired by [[inhalation]] of the infectious [[propagule]] from the environment. | ||
In humans, ''C. neoformans'' causes three types of infections: | In humans, ''C. neoformans'' causes three types of infections: | ||
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* [[Pulmonary]] cryptococcosis | * [[Pulmonary]] cryptococcosis | ||
* Cryptococcal [[meningitis]]. | * Cryptococcal [[meningitis]]. | ||
== '''Risk factors''' == | == '''Risk factors''' == | ||
Cryptococcosis is a defining opportunistic infection for [[AIDS]], and is the second-most-common AIDS-defining illness in [[Africa]]. Other conditions that pose an increased risk include certain [[lymphoma]]s (e.g., [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]]), [[sarcoidosis]], liver [[cirrhosis]], and patients on long-term [[corticosteroid]] therapy. | Cryptococcosis is a defining opportunistic infection for [[AIDS]], and is the second-most-common AIDS-defining illness in [[Africa]]. Other conditions that pose an increased risk include certain [[lymphoma]]s (e.g., [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]]), [[sarcoidosis]], liver [[cirrhosis]], and patients on long-term [[corticosteroid]] therapy. | ||
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height=600 | height=600 | ||
</youtube> | </youtube> | ||
Cryptococcosis can rarely occur in the non-immunosuppressed people, particularly with ''[[Cryptococcus gattii]]''. | Cryptococcosis can rarely occur in the non-immunosuppressed people, particularly with ''[[Cryptococcus gattii]]''. | ||
== '''Additional images''' == | == '''Additional images''' == | ||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
Image:Pulmonary cryptococcosis (1) histiocytic penumonia.jpg | Image:Pulmonary cryptococcosis (1) histiocytic penumonia.jpg | ||
Image:Pulmonary cryptococcosis (3) Alcian blue-PAS.jpg | Image:Pulmonary cryptococcosis (3) Alcian blue-PAS.jpg | ||
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Image:Cryptococcus smear PAS 2010-01-26.JPG | Image:Cryptococcus smear PAS 2010-01-26.JPG | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
== Prevention == | == Prevention == | ||
Antifungal [[prophylaxis]] such as [[fluconazole]] and [[itraconazole]] reduces the risk of contracting cryptococcosis in those with low CD4 cell count and high risk of developing such disease in a setting of cryptococcal antigen screening tests are not available. | Antifungal [[prophylaxis]] such as [[fluconazole]] and [[itraconazole]] reduces the risk of contracting cryptococcosis in those with low CD4 cell count and high risk of developing such disease in a setting of cryptococcal antigen screening tests are not available. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment options in persons without HIV-infection have not been well studied. [[Intravenous]] [[Amphotericin B]] combined with [[flucytosine]] by mouth is recommended for initial treatment (induction therapy). | Treatment options in persons without HIV-infection have not been well studied. [[Intravenous]] [[Amphotericin B]] combined with [[flucytosine]] by mouth is recommended for initial treatment (induction therapy). | ||
The medication(s) listed below have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as orphan products for treatment of this condition. | The medication(s) listed below have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as orphan products for treatment of this condition. | ||
'''[[Amphotericin B Liposomal]]''' '''(Brand name: [[AmBisome]]®)''' can be used in the treatment of disseminated cryptococcosis including | |||
'''[[Amphotericin B Liposomal]]''' '''(Brand name: [[AmBisome]] | |||
[[meningitis]]. | [[meningitis]]. | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
{{Mycoses}} | {{Mycoses}} | ||
{{Diseases of meninges}} | {{Diseases of meninges}} | ||
[[Category:Animal fungal diseases]] | [[Category:Animal fungal diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Bird diseases]] | [[Category:Bird diseases]] | ||
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[[Category:Tremellomycetes]] | [[Category:Tremellomycetes]] | ||
[[Category:Zoonoses]] | [[Category:Zoonoses]] | ||
{{rarediseases}} | {{rarediseases}} | ||
Latest revision as of 13:44, 5 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Cryptococcosis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fever, headache, cough, shortness of breath, confusion |
| Complications | Meningitis, pneumonia, skin lesions |
| Onset | Gradual |
| Duration | |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus gattii |
| Risks | HIV/AIDS, immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplantation |
| Diagnosis | India ink stain, cryptococcal antigen test, culture |
| Differential diagnosis | Tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis |
| Prevention | |
| Treatment | Antifungal medications such as amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole |
| Medication | |
| Prognosis | |
| Frequency | |
| Deaths | |
Cryptococcosis is an acute or chronic, localized or disseminated infection by few species of Cryptococcus (most often Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii).
.jpg)
Cryptococcosis is believed to be acquired by inhalation of the infectious propagule from the environment. In humans, C. neoformans causes three types of infections: Sites of involvement include the lungs, central nervous system and meninges, skin, and visceral organs.
- Wound or cutaneous cryptococcosis
- Pulmonary cryptococcosis
- Cryptococcal meningitis.
Risk factors[edit]
Cryptococcosis is a defining opportunistic infection for AIDS, and is the second-most-common AIDS-defining illness in Africa. Other conditions that pose an increased risk include certain lymphomas (e.g., Hodgkin's lymphoma), sarcoidosis, liver cirrhosis, and patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy. The prevalence of cryptococcosis has been increasing over the past 20 years for many reasons, including the increase in incidence of AIDS and the expanded use of immunosuppressive drugs. Cryptococcosis can rarely occur in the non-immunosuppressed people, particularly with Cryptococcus gattii.
Additional images[edit]
_histiocytic_penumonia.jpg)
_Alcian_blue-PAS.jpg)
Prevention[edit]
Antifungal prophylaxis such as fluconazole and itraconazole reduces the risk of contracting cryptococcosis in those with low CD4 cell count and high risk of developing such disease in a setting of cryptococcal antigen screening tests are not available.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment options in persons without HIV-infection have not been well studied. Intravenous Amphotericin B combined with flucytosine by mouth is recommended for initial treatment (induction therapy). The medication(s) listed below have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as orphan products for treatment of this condition. Amphotericin B Liposomal (Brand name: AmBisome®) can be used in the treatment of disseminated cryptococcosis including meningitis.
 | |
|---|---|
 |
 |
| Meningitis and other diseases of meninges | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
NIH genetic and rare disease info[edit]
Cryptococcosis is a rare disease.
| Rare and genetic diseases | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Rare diseases - Cryptococcosis
|
