Samandaridine: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Overview of Samandaridine}}
{{Short description|An alkaloid found in certain plant species}}
{{Infobox drug
{{Infobox chemical
| image = Samandaridine.png
| name = Samandaridine
| image_caption = Chemical structure of Samandaridine
| image = <!-- Image of the chemical structure -->
| IUPAC_name = 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519S,3520R,3521S,3522R,3523S,3524R,3525S,3526R,3527S,3528R,3529S,3530R,3531S,3532R,3533S,3534R,3535S,3536R,3537S,3538R,3539S,3540R,3541S,3542R,3543S,3544R,3545S,3546R,3547S,3548R,3549S,3550R,3551S,3552R,3553S,3554R,3555S,3556R,3557S,3558R,3559S,3560R,3561S,3562R,3563S,3564R,3565S,3566R,3567S,3568R,3569S,3570R,3571S,3572R,3573S,3574R,3575S,3576R,3577S,3578R,3579S,3580R,3581S,3582R,3583S,3584R,3585S,3586R,3587S,3588R,3589S,3590R,3591S,3592R,3593S,3594R,3595S,3596R,3597S,3598R,3599S,3600R,3601S,3602R,3603S,3604R,3605S,3606R,3607S,3608R,3609S,3610R,3611S,3612R,3613S,3614R,3615S,3616R,3617S,3618R,3619S,3620R,3621S,3622R,3623S,3624R,3625S,3626R,3627S,3628R,3629S,3630R,3631S,3632R,3633S,3634R,3635S,3636R,3637S,3638R,3639S,3640R,3641S,3642R,3643S,3644R,3645S,3646R,3647S,3648R,3649S,3650R,3651S,3652R,3653S,3654R,3655S,3656R,3657S,3658R,3659S,3660R,3661S,3662R,3663S,3664R,3665S,3666R,3667S,3668R,3669S,3670R,3671S,3672R,3673S,3674R,3675S,3676R,3677S,3678R,3679S,3680R,3681S,3682R,3683S,3684R,3685S,3686R,3687S,3688R,3689S,3690R,3691S,3692R,3693S,3694R,3695S,3696R,3697S,3698R,3699S,3700R,3701S,3702R,3703S,3704R,3705S,3706R,3707S,3708R,3709S,3710R,3711S,3712R,3713S,3714R,3715S,3716R,3717S,3718R,3719S,3720R,3721S,3722R,3723S,3724R,3725S,3726R,3727S,3728R,3729S,3730R,3731S,3732R,3733S,3734R,3735S,3736R,3737S,3738R,3739S,3740R,3741S,3742R,3743S,3744R,3745S,3746R,3747S,3748R,3749S,3750R,3751S,3752R,3753S,3754R,3755S,3756R,3757S,3758R,3759S,3760R,3761S,3762R,3763S,3764R,3765S,3766R,3767S,3768R,3769S,3770R,3771S,3772R,3773S,3774R,3775S,3776R,3777S,3778R,3779S,3780R,3781S,3782R,3783S,3784R,3785S,3786R,3787S,3788R,3789S,3790R,3791S,3792R,3793S,3794R,3795S,3796R,3797S,3798R,3799S,3800R,3801S,3802R,3803S,3804R,3805S,3806R,3807S,3808R,3809S,3810R,3811S,3812R,3813S,3814R,3815S,3816R,3817S,3818R,3819S,3820R,3821S,3822R,3823S,3824R,3825S,3826R,3827S,3828R,3829S,3830R,3831S,3832R,3833S,3834R,3835S,3836R,3837S,3838R,3839S,3840R,3841S,3842R,3843S,3844R,3845S,3846R,3847S,3848R,3849S,3850R,3851S,3852R,3853S,3854R,3855S,3856R,3857S,3858R,3859S,3860R,3861S,3862R,3863S,3864R,3865S,3866R,3867S,3868R,3869S,3870R,3871S,3872R,3873S,3874R,3875S,3876R,3877S,3878R,3879S,3880R,3881S,3882R,3883S,3884R,3885S,3886R,3887S,3888R,3889S,3890R,3891S,3892R,3893S,3894R,3895S,3896R,3897S,3898R,3899S,3900R,3901S,3902R,3903S,3904R,3905S,3906R,3907S,3908R,3909S,3910R,3911S,3912R,3913S,3914R,3915S,3916R,3917S,3918R,3919S,3920R,3921S,3922R,3923S,3924R,3925S,3926R,3927S,3928R,3929S,3930R,3931S,3932R,3933S,3934R,3935S,3936R,3937S,3938R,3939S,3940R,3941S,3942R,3943S,3944R,3945S,3946R,3947S,3948R,3949S,3950R,3951S,3952R,3953S,3954R,3955S,3956R,3957S,3958R,3959S,3960R,3961S,3962R,3963S,3964R,3965S,3966R,3967S,3968R,3969S,3970R,3971S,3972R,3973S,3974R,3975S,3976R,3977S,3978R,3979S,3980R,3981S,3982R,3983S,3984R,3985S,3986R,3987S,3988R,3989S,3990R,3991S,3992R,3993S,3994R,3995S,3996R,3997S,3998R,3999S,4000R,4001S,4002R,4003S,4004R,4005S,4006R,4007S,4008R,4009S,4010R,4011S,4012R,4013S,4014R,4015S,4016R,4017S,4018R,4019S,4020R,4021S,4022R,4023S,4024R,4025S,4026R,4027S,4028R,4029S,4030R,4031S,4032R,4033S,4034R,4035S,4036R,4037S,4038R,4039S,4040R,4041S,4042R,4043S,4044R,4045S,4046R,4047S,4048R,4049S,4050R,4051S,4052R,4053S,4054R,4055S,4056R,4057S,4058R,4059S,4060R,4061S,4062R,4063S,4064R,4065S,4066R,4067S,4068R,4069S,4070R,4071S,4072R,4073S,4074R,4075S,4076R,4077S,4078R,4079S,4080R,4081S,4082R,4083S,4084R,4085S,4086R,4087S,4088R,4089S,4090R,4091S,4092R,4093S,4094R,4095S,4096R,4097S,4098R,4099S,4100R,4101S,4102R,4103S,4104R,4105S,4106R,4107S,4108R,4109S,4110R,4111S,4112R,4113S,4114R,4115S,4116R,4117S,4118R,4119S,4120R,4121S,4122R,4123S,4124R,4125S,4126R,4127S,4128R,4129S,4130R,4131S,4132R,4133S,4134R,4135S,4136R,4137S,4138R,4139S,4140R,4141S,4142R,4143S,4144R,4145S,4146R,4147S,4148R,4149S,4150R,4151S,4152R,4153S,4154R,4155S,4156R,4157S,4158R,4159S,4160R,4161S,4162R,4163S,4164R,4165S,4166R,4167S,4168R,4169S,4170R,4171S,4172R,4173S,4174R,4175S,4176R,4177S,4178R,4179S,4180R,4181S,4182R,4183S,4184R,4185S,4186R,4187S,4188R,4189S,4190R,4191S,4192R,4193S,4194R,4195S,4196R,4197S,4198R,4199S,4200R,4201S,4202R,4203S,4204R,4205S,4206R,4207S,4208R,4209S,4210R,4211S,4212R,4213S,4214R,4215S,4216R,4217S,4218R,4219S,4220R,4221S,4222R,4223S,4224R,4225S,4226R,4227S,4228R,4229S,4230R,4231S,4232R,4233S,4234R,4235S,4236R,4237S,4238R,4239S,4240R,4241S,4242R,4243S,4244R,4245S,4246R,4247S,4248R,4249S,4250R,4251S,4252R,4253S,4254R,4255S,4256R,4257S,4258R,4259S,4260R,4261S,4262R,4263S,4264R,4265S,4266R,4267S,4268R,4269S,4270R,4271S,4272R,4273S,4274R,4275S,4276R,4277S,4278R,4279S,4280R,4281S,4282R,4283S,4284R,4285S,4286R,4287S,4288R,4289S,4290R,4291S,4292R,4293S,4294R,4295S,4296R,4297S,4298R,4299S,4300R,4301S,4302R,4303S,4304R,4305S,4306R,4307S,4308R,4309S,4310R,4311S,4312R,4313S,4314R,4315S,4316R,4317S,4318R,4319S,4320R,4321S,4322R,4323S,4324R,4325S,4326R,4327S,4328R,4329S,4330R,4331S,4332R,4333S,4334R,4335S,433
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'''Samandaridine''' is a [[steroidal alkaloid]] that is primarily found in certain species of the genus ''[[Salamandra]]'', particularly in the skin secretions of the [[fire salamander]] (''Salamandra salamandra''). This compound is part of a group of alkaloids that serve as a chemical defense mechanism for these amphibians against predators.
 
==Chemical Structure and Properties==
Samandaridine is a complex molecule characterized by its steroidal backbone, which is a common feature among many naturally occurring alkaloids. The exact molecular structure of samandaridine includes several rings and functional groups that contribute to its biological activity.
 
==Biological Activity==
Samandaridine exhibits potent biological activity, primarily as a neurotoxin. It affects the nervous system of potential predators, deterring them from preying on the salamanders. The mechanism of action involves interference with [[neurotransmitter]] function, although the precise pathways are still under investigation.
 
==Ecological Role==
In the ecological context, samandaridine plays a crucial role in the survival of salamanders. By secreting this alkaloid, salamanders can effectively ward off predators, thus increasing their chances of survival and reproduction. This chemical defense is an excellent example of [[aposematism]], where organisms evolve conspicuous signals to warn predators of their toxicity.
 
==Research and Applications==
Research into samandaridine and similar alkaloids is ongoing, with scientists interested in their potential applications in medicine and pharmacology. The unique properties of these compounds may lead to the development of new drugs, particularly in the field of [[neuropharmacology]].
 
==Safety and Toxicity==
While samandaridine is beneficial to salamanders, it poses a risk to other animals, including humans, if ingested or absorbed through the skin. Handling of salamanders should be done with care, and any exposure to their secretions should be avoided.
 
==Also see==
* [[Alkaloid]]
* [[Neurotoxin]]
* [[Aposematism]]
* [[Salamandra]]
* [[Fire salamander]]
 
{{Alkaloids}}
{{Neurotoxins}}
 
[[Category:Alkaloids]]
[[Category:Neurotoxins]]
[[Category:Salamanders]]

Revision as of 22:29, 15 December 2024

An alkaloid found in certain plant species


Samandaridine
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider ID
UNII
ChEBI
ChEMBL
Properties
Chemical Formula
Molar Mass
Appearance
Density
Melting Point
Boiling Point
Hazards
GHS Pictograms [[File:|50px]]
GHS Signal Word
GHS Hazard Statements
NFPA 704 [[File:|50px]]
References

Samandaridine is a steroidal alkaloid that is primarily found in certain species of the genus Salamandra, particularly in the skin secretions of the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra). This compound is part of a group of alkaloids that serve as a chemical defense mechanism for these amphibians against predators.

Chemical Structure and Properties

Samandaridine is a complex molecule characterized by its steroidal backbone, which is a common feature among many naturally occurring alkaloids. The exact molecular structure of samandaridine includes several rings and functional groups that contribute to its biological activity.

Biological Activity

Samandaridine exhibits potent biological activity, primarily as a neurotoxin. It affects the nervous system of potential predators, deterring them from preying on the salamanders. The mechanism of action involves interference with neurotransmitter function, although the precise pathways are still under investigation.

Ecological Role

In the ecological context, samandaridine plays a crucial role in the survival of salamanders. By secreting this alkaloid, salamanders can effectively ward off predators, thus increasing their chances of survival and reproduction. This chemical defense is an excellent example of aposematism, where organisms evolve conspicuous signals to warn predators of their toxicity.

Research and Applications

Research into samandaridine and similar alkaloids is ongoing, with scientists interested in their potential applications in medicine and pharmacology. The unique properties of these compounds may lead to the development of new drugs, particularly in the field of neuropharmacology.

Safety and Toxicity

While samandaridine is beneficial to salamanders, it poses a risk to other animals, including humans, if ingested or absorbed through the skin. Handling of salamanders should be done with care, and any exposure to their secretions should be avoided.

Also see


Alkaloid groups
Indole
Phenethylamine
Purine
Pyridine
Pyrrolidine


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