Catamenial pneumothorax: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Catamenial pneumothorax | |||
| image = [[File:Pneumothorax_CXR.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Chest X-ray showing a pneumothorax | |||
| field = [[Pulmonology]], [[Gynecology]] | |||
| synonyms = | |||
| symptoms = [[Chest pain]], [[dyspnea]] | |||
| complications = [[Recurrent pneumothorax]], [[respiratory failure]] | |||
| onset = Coincides with [[menstruation]] | |||
| duration = | |||
| types = | |||
| causes = [[Endometriosis]], [[diaphragmatic defects]] | |||
| risks = | |||
| diagnosis = [[Chest X-ray]], [[CT scan]], [[thoracoscopy]] | |||
| differential = [[Spontaneous pneumothorax]], [[pulmonary embolism]] | |||
| prevention = | |||
| treatment = [[Surgical intervention]], [[hormonal therapy]] | |||
| medication = [[Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists]], [[oral contraceptives]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on treatment | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|A rare form of pneumothorax associated with menstruation}} | {{Short description|A rare form of pneumothorax associated with menstruation}} | ||
'''Catamenial pneumothorax''' is a rare condition characterized by the occurrence of [[pneumothorax]] in conjunction with the [[menstrual cycle]]. It is considered a form of [[thoracic endometriosis syndrome]], where endometrial tissue is present in the thoracic cavity. | '''Catamenial pneumothorax''' is a rare condition characterized by the occurrence of [[pneumothorax]] in conjunction with the [[menstrual cycle]]. It is considered a form of [[thoracic endometriosis syndrome]], where endometrial tissue is present in the thoracic cavity. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Catamenial pneumothorax is believed to be caused by the presence of [[endometrial tissue]] in the thoracic cavity, which can lead to the formation of air leaks during menstruation. The exact mechanism is not fully understood, but several theories have been proposed: | Catamenial pneumothorax is believed to be caused by the presence of [[endometrial tissue]] in the thoracic cavity, which can lead to the formation of air leaks during menstruation. The exact mechanism is not fully understood, but several theories have been proposed: | ||
* '''Diaphragmatic defects''': Small holes or fenestrations in the [[diaphragm]] may allow air to pass from the abdominal cavity into the pleural space. | * '''Diaphragmatic defects''': Small holes or fenestrations in the [[diaphragm]] may allow air to pass from the abdominal cavity into the pleural space. | ||
* '''Hormonal influence''': The cyclical nature of the condition suggests a hormonal component, possibly related to the effects of [[estrogen]] and [[progesterone]]. | * '''Hormonal influence''': The cyclical nature of the condition suggests a hormonal component, possibly related to the effects of [[estrogen]] and [[progesterone]]. | ||
* '''Microembolization''': Endometrial tissue may travel through the bloodstream and implant in the thoracic cavity. | * '''Microembolization''': Endometrial tissue may travel through the bloodstream and implant in the thoracic cavity. | ||
==Clinical Presentation== | ==Clinical Presentation== | ||
Patients with catamenial pneumothorax typically present with symptoms of pneumothorax, such as sudden onset of [[chest pain]] and [[dyspnea]], occurring within 72 hours of the onset of menstruation. The right side of the chest is more commonly affected. | Patients with catamenial pneumothorax typically present with symptoms of pneumothorax, such as sudden onset of [[chest pain]] and [[dyspnea]], occurring within 72 hours of the onset of menstruation. The right side of the chest is more commonly affected. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnosis of catamenial pneumothorax is based on the correlation of pneumothorax episodes with the menstrual cycle. Imaging studies, such as a [[chest X-ray]] or [[CT scan]], can confirm the presence of pneumothorax. | The diagnosis of catamenial pneumothorax is based on the correlation of pneumothorax episodes with the menstrual cycle. Imaging studies, such as a [[chest X-ray]] or [[CT scan]], can confirm the presence of pneumothorax. | ||
[[File:Pneumothorax_CXR.jpg|left|thumb|Chest X-ray showing a pneumothorax]] | |||
[[File:Pneumothorax_CXR.jpg|thumb | |||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment options for catamenial pneumothorax include: | Treatment options for catamenial pneumothorax include: | ||
* '''Surgical intervention''': Procedures such as [[video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery]] (VATS) can be used to repair diaphragmatic defects and remove ectopic endometrial tissue. | * '''Surgical intervention''': Procedures such as [[video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery]] (VATS) can be used to repair diaphragmatic defects and remove ectopic endometrial tissue. | ||
* '''Hormonal therapy''': Medications that suppress ovulation, such as [[gonadotropin-releasing hormone]] (GnRH) analogs, can be effective in preventing recurrence. | * '''Hormonal therapy''': Medications that suppress ovulation, such as [[gonadotropin-releasing hormone]] (GnRH) analogs, can be effective in preventing recurrence. | ||
* '''Pleurodesis''': A procedure to obliterate the pleural space and prevent recurrent pneumothorax. | * '''Pleurodesis''': A procedure to obliterate the pleural space and prevent recurrent pneumothorax. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for catamenial pneumothorax is generally good. However, recurrence is possible, and long-term management may be necessary. | With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for catamenial pneumothorax is generally good. However, recurrence is possible, and long-term management may be necessary. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Pneumothorax]] | * [[Pneumothorax]] | ||
* [[Endometriosis]] | * [[Endometriosis]] | ||
* [[Thoracic endometriosis syndrome]] | * [[Thoracic endometriosis syndrome]] | ||
{{Respiratory pathology}} | |||
{{stub}} | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Catamenial Pneumothorax}} | |||
[[Category:Medical emergencies]] | |||
[[Category:Menstrual disorders]] | |||
[[Category:Diseases of pleura]] | |||
[[Category:Rare diseases]] | |||
[[Category:Respiratory diseases]] | [[Category:Respiratory diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Gynecological disorders]] | [[Category:Gynecological disorders]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:31, 4 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Catamenial pneumothorax | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Chest pain, dyspnea |
| Complications | Recurrent pneumothorax, respiratory failure |
| Onset | Coincides with menstruation |
| Duration | |
| Types | |
| Causes | Endometriosis, diaphragmatic defects |
| Risks | |
| Diagnosis | Chest X-ray, CT scan, thoracoscopy |
| Differential diagnosis | Spontaneous pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism |
| Prevention | |
| Treatment | Surgical intervention, hormonal therapy |
| Medication | Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, oral contraceptives |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on treatment |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
A rare form of pneumothorax associated with menstruation
Catamenial pneumothorax is a rare condition characterized by the occurrence of pneumothorax in conjunction with the menstrual cycle. It is considered a form of thoracic endometriosis syndrome, where endometrial tissue is present in the thoracic cavity.
Pathophysiology[edit]
Catamenial pneumothorax is believed to be caused by the presence of endometrial tissue in the thoracic cavity, which can lead to the formation of air leaks during menstruation. The exact mechanism is not fully understood, but several theories have been proposed:
- Diaphragmatic defects: Small holes or fenestrations in the diaphragm may allow air to pass from the abdominal cavity into the pleural space.
- Hormonal influence: The cyclical nature of the condition suggests a hormonal component, possibly related to the effects of estrogen and progesterone.
- Microembolization: Endometrial tissue may travel through the bloodstream and implant in the thoracic cavity.
Clinical Presentation[edit]
Patients with catamenial pneumothorax typically present with symptoms of pneumothorax, such as sudden onset of chest pain and dyspnea, occurring within 72 hours of the onset of menstruation. The right side of the chest is more commonly affected.
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of catamenial pneumothorax is based on the correlation of pneumothorax episodes with the menstrual cycle. Imaging studies, such as a chest X-ray or CT scan, can confirm the presence of pneumothorax.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment options for catamenial pneumothorax include:
- Surgical intervention: Procedures such as video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) can be used to repair diaphragmatic defects and remove ectopic endometrial tissue.
- Hormonal therapy: Medications that suppress ovulation, such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs, can be effective in preventing recurrence.
- Pleurodesis: A procedure to obliterate the pleural space and prevent recurrent pneumothorax.
Prognosis[edit]
With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for catamenial pneumothorax is generally good. However, recurrence is possible, and long-term management may be necessary.
See also[edit]
| Diseases of the respiratory system | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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