Poland syndrome
Poland Syndrome
Poland Syndrome (pronounced /ˈpoʊlənd ˈsɪndroʊm/) is a rare birth defect characterized by underdevelopment or absence of the chest muscle (pectoralis) on one side of the body, and usually also webbing of the fingers (cutaneous syndactyly) of the hand on the same side (ipsilateral hand). The condition is named after the British surgeon, Sir Alfred Poland, who first described it in 1841.
Etymology
The term "Poland Syndrome" is derived from the name of the British surgeon, Sir Alfred Poland, who first described the condition in 1841. The word "syndrome" comes from the Greek "σύνδρομον" (sýndromon), meaning "concurrence of symptoms" or "concurrence of running together".
Symptoms
The most common symptoms of Poland Syndrome are absence or underdevelopment of the pectoralis major muscle on one side of the body, and webbing of the fingers (cutaneous syndactyly) on the same side. Other symptoms may include short, webbed, or missing fingers, and breast and nipple abnormalities, including missing or underdeveloped breasts or nipples.
Causes
The exact cause of Poland Syndrome is unknown. However, it is believed to result from an interruption of the embryonic blood supply to the chest wall during development. This can lead to underdevelopment or absence of the pectoralis major muscle and other associated abnormalities.
Diagnosis
Poland Syndrome is typically diagnosed at birth based on the physical characteristics of the infant. In some cases, the diagnosis may not be made until later in life. The diagnosis can be confirmed through imaging studies such as MRI or CT scan.
Treatment
Treatment for Poland Syndrome is usually surgical and is aimed at improving function and appearance. This may include reconstructive surgery to build up the chest wall and/or surgery to correct hand abnormalities.
Related Terms
- Ipsilateral: On the same side of the body.
- Pectoralis Major Muscle: The large muscle in the upper chest, fanning across the chest from the shoulder to the breastbone.
- MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, a type of imaging study.
- CT scan: Computed Tomography scan, another type of imaging study.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Poland syndrome
- Wikipedia's article - Poland syndrome
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