Pes cavus

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Pes cavus
File:Charcot-marie-tooth foot.jpg
Synonyms	High arch, cavus foot
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	High arch of the foot, claw toes, pain
Complications	Plantar fasciitis, ankle instability, metatarsalgia
Onset	Can be present at birth or develop over time
Duration	Long-term
Types	N/A
Causes	Neurological disorders, muscle imbalance, genetic conditions
Risks	Family history, neuromuscular disorders
Diagnosis	Physical examination, X-ray, MRI
Differential diagnosis	Flat feet, normal foot arch
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Orthotic devices, physical therapy, surgery
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Varies depending on underlying cause
Frequency	Relatively uncommon
Deaths	N/A

File:Pes cavus and os peroneum on lateral foot X-ray.jpg

Pes cavus foot deformity compared to a normal foot.

Pes cavus, also referred to as a "high-arched foot", is a deformity of the foot characterized by an abnormally elevated arch. Coupled with hyperextension of the toes, the foot adopts an appearance reminiscent of a claw. This condition can lead to various complications and discomforts, and can be congenital or acquired due to underlying medical conditions.

Anatomy and Presentation

Pes cavus is the opposite of flatfoot (pes planus). In a pes cavus foot:

• The arch, especially the medial arch, is abnormally raised.
• The metatarsal bones may be positioned dorsally.
• Toes often exhibit a claw-like formation due to hyperextension.

Causes

Pes cavus can arise from a variety of underlying causes:

• Congenital: Some individuals are born with the condition.
• Neurological Disorders: Conditions like Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease or spina bifida can cause pes cavus.
• Trauma: Injuries might lead to the development of this foot structure.
• Other underlying medical conditions: Including muscular dystrophy or other neuromuscular disorders.

Symptoms and Complications

People with pes cavus often experience:

• Pain due to uneven weight distribution.
• Instability and balance issues.
• Calluses on the ball, side, or heel of the foot.
• Increased risk of ankle sprains.
• Footwear fitting issues.

Diagnosis and Treatment

A physical examination, coupled with an assessment of the patient's medical history, typically aids in diagnosing pes cavus. In some cases, X-rays or other imaging techniques might be used. Treatment options include:

• Orthotics: Custom-made insoles can provide better support and weight distribution.
• Physical Therapy: Strengthening and stretching exercises can offer relief.
• Surgery: In severe cases, reconstructive foot surgery might be necessary.
• Footwear: Specialized shoes or modifications can improve comfort.

Conclusion

Pes cavus is a notable foot deformity that can be a source of discomfort and mobility challenges for affected individuals. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can mitigate complications and enhance the quality of life.

See Also

• Foot Anatomy
• Orthopedics
• Podiatry

References

• Pes Cavus and Its Management. Journal of Orthopedic Surgery.
• Clinical Assessment and Treatment of Pes Cavus. Podiatry Today.
• High-Arched Foot – Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment. WebMD.