Placental disease: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
[[File:Chorangioma_-_intermed_mag.jpg| | | name = Placental disease | ||
| image = [[File:Chorangioma_-_intermed_mag.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Micrograph of a [[chorangioma]], a type of placental disease | |||
| field = [[Obstetrics]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Abnormal bleeding]], [[preterm birth]], [[fetal growth restriction]] | |||
| complications = [[Preeclampsia]], [[placental abruption]], [[fetal death]] | |||
| onset = During [[pregnancy]] | |||
| duration = Varies | |||
| types = [[Placenta previa]], [[placental abruption]], [[placenta accreta]], [[chorioamnionitis]] | |||
| causes = [[Infection]], [[hypertension]], [[diabetes]], [[autoimmune disorders]] | |||
| risks = [[Advanced maternal age]], [[multiple gestation]], [[previous placental issues]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Ultrasound]], [[MRI]], [[blood tests]] | |||
| prevention = [[Prenatal care]], managing [[chronic conditions]] | |||
| treatment = Depends on type; may include [[medication]], [[surgery]], [[delivery]] | |||
| prognosis = Varies depending on type and severity | |||
| frequency = Common | |||
}} | |||
'''Placental disease''' refers to any disorder or pathology affecting the [[placenta]], an essential organ in [[pregnancy]] that facilitates nutrient and gas exchange between the [[mother]] and the [[fetus]]. Placental diseases can have significant implications for both maternal and fetal health, potentially leading to complications such as [[preeclampsia]], [[fetal growth restriction]], and [[preterm birth]]. | '''Placental disease''' refers to any disorder or pathology affecting the [[placenta]], an essential organ in [[pregnancy]] that facilitates nutrient and gas exchange between the [[mother]] and the [[fetus]]. Placental diseases can have significant implications for both maternal and fetal health, potentially leading to complications such as [[preeclampsia]], [[fetal growth restriction]], and [[preterm birth]]. | ||
== Types of Placental Disease == | == Types of Placental Disease == | ||
Placental diseases can be broadly categorized into several types based on their pathophysiology and clinical manifestations: | Placental diseases can be broadly categorized into several types based on their pathophysiology and clinical manifestations: | ||
=== Placental Insufficiency === | === Placental Insufficiency === | ||
Placental insufficiency occurs when the placenta is unable to deliver an adequate supply of nutrients and oxygen to the fetus. This condition can lead to [[intrauterine growth restriction]] (IUGR) and is a common cause of [[fetal distress]]. | Placental insufficiency occurs when the placenta is unable to deliver an adequate supply of nutrients and oxygen to the fetus. This condition can lead to [[intrauterine growth restriction]] (IUGR) and is a common cause of [[fetal distress]]. | ||
=== Placental Abruption === | === Placental Abruption === | ||
[[Placental abruption]] is a serious condition where the placenta detaches from the uterine wall before delivery. This can cause severe bleeding and compromise fetal oxygenation, necessitating immediate medical intervention. | [[Placental abruption]] is a serious condition where the placenta detaches from the uterine wall before delivery. This can cause severe bleeding and compromise fetal oxygenation, necessitating immediate medical intervention. | ||
=== Placenta Previa === | === Placenta Previa === | ||
[[Placenta previa]] is a condition where the placenta covers the cervix, which can cause bleeding during pregnancy and complications during delivery. It often requires careful monitoring and may necessitate a [[cesarean section]]. | [[Placenta previa]] is a condition where the placenta covers the cervix, which can cause bleeding during pregnancy and complications during delivery. It often requires careful monitoring and may necessitate a [[cesarean section]]. | ||
=== Placental Tumors === | === Placental Tumors === | ||
Placental tumors, such as [[chorangioma]], are rare but can affect placental function. Chorangiomas are benign vascular tumors of the placenta that can lead to complications if they grow large. | Placental tumors, such as [[chorangioma]], are rare but can affect placental function. Chorangiomas are benign vascular tumors of the placenta that can lead to complications if they grow large. | ||
== Pathophysiology == | == Pathophysiology == | ||
The pathophysiology of placental diseases often involves abnormal placental development or function. Factors such as [[maternal hypertension]], [[diabetes]], and [[autoimmune disorders]] can contribute to placental dysfunction. Abnormalities in placental blood flow, inflammation, and [[thrombosis]] are common underlying mechanisms. | The pathophysiology of placental diseases often involves abnormal placental development or function. Factors such as [[maternal hypertension]], [[diabetes]], and [[autoimmune disorders]] can contribute to placental dysfunction. Abnormalities in placental blood flow, inflammation, and [[thrombosis]] are common underlying mechanisms. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis of placental disease typically involves a combination of [[ultrasound]] imaging, [[Doppler studies]], and [[maternal blood tests]]. Ultrasound can assess placental position, structure, and blood flow, while Doppler studies evaluate fetal circulation. Blood tests may reveal markers of placental dysfunction. | Diagnosis of placental disease typically involves a combination of [[ultrasound]] imaging, [[Doppler studies]], and [[maternal blood tests]]. Ultrasound can assess placental position, structure, and blood flow, while Doppler studies evaluate fetal circulation. Blood tests may reveal markers of placental dysfunction. | ||
== Management == | == Management == | ||
Management of placental disease depends on the specific condition and its severity. It may involve close monitoring, [[bed rest]], medication to manage symptoms, and in some cases, early delivery to prevent complications. | Management of placental disease depends on the specific condition and its severity. It may involve close monitoring, [[bed rest]], medication to manage symptoms, and in some cases, early delivery to prevent complications. | ||
== See also == | |||
== | |||
* [[Pregnancy]] | * [[Pregnancy]] | ||
* [[Fetal development]] | * [[Fetal development]] | ||
* [[Obstetrics]] | * [[Obstetrics]] | ||
* [[Maternal-fetal medicine]] | * [[Maternal-fetal medicine]] | ||
{{Reproductive system}} | {{Reproductive system}} | ||
{{Pregnancy}} | {{Pregnancy}} | ||
[[Category:Obstetrics]] | [[Category:Obstetrics]] | ||
[[Category:Pregnancy complications]] | [[Category:Pregnancy complications]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:41, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Placental disease | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Abnormal bleeding, preterm birth, fetal growth restriction |
| Complications | Preeclampsia, placental abruption, fetal death |
| Onset | During pregnancy |
| Duration | Varies |
| Types | Placenta previa, placental abruption, placenta accreta, chorioamnionitis |
| Causes | Infection, hypertension, diabetes, autoimmune disorders |
| Risks | Advanced maternal age, multiple gestation, previous placental issues |
| Diagnosis | Ultrasound, MRI, blood tests |
| Differential diagnosis | N/A |
| Prevention | Prenatal care, managing chronic conditions |
| Treatment | Depends on type; may include medication, surgery, delivery |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Varies depending on type and severity |
| Frequency | Common |
| Deaths | N/A |
Placental disease refers to any disorder or pathology affecting the placenta, an essential organ in pregnancy that facilitates nutrient and gas exchange between the mother and the fetus. Placental diseases can have significant implications for both maternal and fetal health, potentially leading to complications such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and preterm birth.
Types of Placental Disease[edit]
Placental diseases can be broadly categorized into several types based on their pathophysiology and clinical manifestations:
Placental Insufficiency[edit]
Placental insufficiency occurs when the placenta is unable to deliver an adequate supply of nutrients and oxygen to the fetus. This condition can lead to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and is a common cause of fetal distress.
Placental Abruption[edit]
Placental abruption is a serious condition where the placenta detaches from the uterine wall before delivery. This can cause severe bleeding and compromise fetal oxygenation, necessitating immediate medical intervention.
Placenta Previa[edit]
Placenta previa is a condition where the placenta covers the cervix, which can cause bleeding during pregnancy and complications during delivery. It often requires careful monitoring and may necessitate a cesarean section.
Placental Tumors[edit]
Placental tumors, such as chorangioma, are rare but can affect placental function. Chorangiomas are benign vascular tumors of the placenta that can lead to complications if they grow large.
Pathophysiology[edit]
The pathophysiology of placental diseases often involves abnormal placental development or function. Factors such as maternal hypertension, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders can contribute to placental dysfunction. Abnormalities in placental blood flow, inflammation, and thrombosis are common underlying mechanisms.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of placental disease typically involves a combination of ultrasound imaging, Doppler studies, and maternal blood tests. Ultrasound can assess placental position, structure, and blood flow, while Doppler studies evaluate fetal circulation. Blood tests may reveal markers of placental dysfunction.
Management[edit]
Management of placental disease depends on the specific condition and its severity. It may involve close monitoring, bed rest, medication to manage symptoms, and in some cases, early delivery to prevent complications.
See also[edit]
| Female reproductive system | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Pregnancy and childbirth | ||||||||||
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