List of notifiable diseases: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox medical condition
A [[notifiable disease]] is any disease that is required by law to be reported to government authorities. The collation of this data allows for the monitoring and control of public health threats.
| name = List of notifiable diseases
| image = <!-- No image available -->
| caption = <!-- No caption available -->
| field = [[Infectious disease]]
| symptoms = Varies by disease
| complications = Varies by disease
| onset = Varies by disease
| duration = Varies by disease
| causes = [[Pathogen]]s, [[Toxin]]s
| risks = Varies by disease
| diagnosis = [[Clinical diagnosis]], [[Laboratory test]]s
| treatment = Varies by disease
| prognosis = Varies by disease
| frequency = Varies by region
}}


==Overview==
The diseases listed below are categorized by [[pathogen]] and country. Each table includes [[internal links]] for key terms and references to the relevant public health authority or documentation.
A '''notifiable disease''' is any disease that is required by law to be reported to government authorities. The [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) and various national health agencies maintain lists of notifiable diseases to monitor and control the spread of [[infectious disease]]s. The timely reporting of these diseases allows for the implementation of control measures to prevent outbreaks and protect public health.


==Purpose of Notification==
= By pathogen =
The primary purpose of disease notification is to enable public health authorities to:
== Bacteria ==
* Monitor disease trends and detect outbreaks.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
* Implement control and prevention measures.
|-
* Allocate resources effectively.
! [[Australia]]<ref name="Aus">[https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2022C01206 Australia]</ref>
* Conduct epidemiological research.
! [[Hong Kong]]<ref name="HK">Hong Kong: [https://cdis.chp.gov.hk/CDIS_CENO_ONLINE/disease.html List of statutory notifiable disease and case definitions]; Centre for Health Protection, [[Department of Health (Hong Kong)|Department of Health]]</ref>
* Inform the public and healthcare providers about potential health threats.
! [[India]]<ref name="India">India: [http://health.puducherry.gov.in/details_of_notifiable_diseases.htm Nationally Notifiable Diseases] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104140117/http://health.puducherry.gov.in/details_of_notifiable_diseases.htm |date=2018-01-04 }}</ref>
! [[Malaysia]]<ref name="Mal">Malaysia: [http://www.pcdom.org.my/docinfo/docinfo/docinfo-1/notify Primary Care Doctors Organization Malaysia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714074956/http://www.pcdom.org.my/docinfo/docinfo/docinfo-1/notify |date=2007-07-14 }}</ref>
! [[United Kingdom]]<ref name="UK">UK: [https://www.gov.uk/guidance/notifiable-diseases-and-causative-organisms-how-to-report#list-of-notifiable-diseases List of notifiable diseases]</ref>
! [[United States]]<ref name="USA">US: [http://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/conditions/notifiable/2016/ 2016 Nationally Notifiable Conditions] from [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]] ([[public domain resource]])</ref>
|-
| [[Anthrax]]
| [[Anthrax]]
|
|
| [[Anthrax]]
| [[Anthrax]]
|-
| [[Botulism]]
| [[Botulism]]
|
|
| [[Botulism]]
| [[Botulism]]
|-
| [[Cholera]]
| [[Cholera]]
| [[Cholera]]
| [[Cholera]]
| [[Cholera]]
| [[Cholera]]
|-
| [[Diphtheria]]
| [[Diphtheria]]
| [[Diphtheria]]
| [[Diphtheria]]
| [[Diphtheria]]
| [[Diphtheria]]
|-
| [[Leprosy]]
| [[Leprosy]]
| [[Leprosy]]
| [[Leprosy]]
| [[Leprosy]]
| [[Leprosy|Hansen's disease]]
|-
| [[Tuberculosis]]
| [[Tuberculosis]]
| [[Tuberculosis]]
| [[Tuberculosis]]
| [[Tuberculosis]]
| [[Tuberculosis]]
|}


==Criteria for Notification==
== Virus ==
Diseases are typically made notifiable based on criteria such as:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
* [[Infectiousness]]
|-
* Severity of disease
! [[Australia]]<ref name="Aus"/>
* Potential for [[epidemic]] spread
! [[Hong Kong]]<ref name="HK"/>
* Availability of preventive measures
! [[India]]<ref name="India"/>
* International health regulations
! [[Malaysia]]<ref name="Mal"/>
! [[United Kingdom]]<ref name="UK"/>
! [[United States]]<ref name="USA"/>
|-
| [[Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome|AIDS]]
| [[Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome|AIDS]]
|
|
|
| [[Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome|AIDS]]
|-
| [[COVID-19]]
| [[COVID-19]]
|
|
|
| [[COVID-19]]
|-
| [[Hepatitis A]]
| [[Hepatitis A]]
| [[Hepatitis A]]
| [[Hepatitis A]]
| [[Hepatitis A]]
| [[Hepatitis A]]
|-
| [[Hepatitis B]]
| [[Hepatitis B]]
| [[Hepatitis B]]
| [[Hepatitis B]]
| [[Hepatitis B]]
| [[Hepatitis B]]
|-
| [[Influenza]]
| [[Influenza]]
|
|
|
| [[Influenza]]
|-
| [[Measles]]
| [[Measles]]
| [[Measles]]
| [[Measles]]
| [[Measles]]
| [[Measles]]
|}


==Global and National Lists==
== Other Categories ==
The list of notifiable diseases can vary by country and region, reflecting local public health priorities and disease prevalence. However, some diseases are universally notifiable due to their potential for international spread.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Disease
! [[Australia]]<ref name="Aus"/>
! [[Hong Kong]]<ref name="HK"/>
! [[India]]<ref name="India"/>
! [[Malaysia]]<ref name="Mal"/>
! [[United Kingdom]]<ref name="UK"/>
! [[United States]]<ref name="USA"/>
|-
| [[Amoebic dysentery]]
|
| Yes
| Yes
|
|
|
|-
| [[Coccidioidomycosis]]
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes
|-
| [[Cryptosporidiosis]]
| Yes
|
|
|
|
| Yes
|-
| [[Malaria]]
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
|-
| [[Trichinosis]]
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes
|}


===World Health Organization===
= By Country =
The WHO maintains the [[International Health Regulations]] (IHR), which require member states to report certain diseases, including:
The following is a list of notifiable diseases arranged by country. Each country maintains its own list of diseases that must be reported to health authorities, aimed at controlling and monitoring public health threats.
* [[Cholera]]
* [[Plague]]
* [[Yellow fever]]
* [[Smallpox]]
* [[Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome]] (SARS)
* [[Middle East Respiratory Syndrome]] (MERS)
* [[COVID-19]]


===United States===
=== Australia ===
In the United States, the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) maintains a list of nationally notifiable diseases, which includes:
Australia has a comprehensive list of notifiable diseases that are regularly monitored to ensure public health safety. Below is a sortable table of these diseases.
* [[Tuberculosis]]
* [[Hepatitis A]], [[Hepatitis B]], [[Hepatitis C]]
* [[Measles]]
* [[Mumps]]
* [[Rubella]]
* [[Pertussis]]
* [[HIV/AIDS]]
* [[Influenza]]


===United Kingdom===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
In the United Kingdom, the list of notifiable diseases includes:
! Disease
* [[Anthrax]]
! Description
* [[Botulism]]
|-
* [[Diphtheria]]
| [[Anaplasmosis]]
* [[Leprosy]]
| A tick-borne disease caused by bacteria of the genus ''[[Anaplasma]]''.
* [[Malaria]]
|-
* [[Rabies]]
| [[Anthrax]]
* [[Tetanus]]
| A serious infectious disease caused by gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria known as ''[[Bacillus anthracis]]''.
|-
| [[Botulism]]
| A rare but serious illness caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium ''[[Clostridium botulinum]]''.
|-
| [[Cholera]]
| An acute diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with ''[[Vibrio cholerae]]''.
|-
| [[Tuberculosis]]
| A potentially serious infectious disease caused by bacteria (''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]'') that mainly affects the lungs.
|}


==Reporting Process==
=== Hong Kong ===
The process of reporting notifiable diseases typically involves:
Hong Kong has a detailed surveillance system for notifiable diseases to protect its densely populated community. The diseases listed are part of the statutory requirement for notification.
1. [[Healthcare provider]]s diagnosing a notifiable disease.
2. Reporting the case to local health authorities.
3. Local authorities notifying national health agencies.
4. National agencies reporting to international bodies if required.


==Challenges in Notification==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
Challenges in the notification of diseases include:
! Disease
* Underreporting due to lack of awareness or resources.
! Description
* Delays in diagnosis and reporting.
|-
* Variability in reporting standards and practices.
| [[Anthrax]]
* Privacy and confidentiality concerns.
| A bacterial infection that can be transmitted through contact with infected animals.
|-
| [[Cholera]]
| A bacterial disease usually spread through contaminated water.
|-
| [[Diphtheria]]
| A serious bacterial infection affecting the mucous membranes of the throat and nose.
|-
| [[Leprosy]]
| A chronic infectious disease caused by ''[[Mycobacterium leprae]]''.
|-
| [[Measles]]
| A highly contagious viral infection.
|}


==Impact of Notification==
=== India ===
Effective disease notification can lead to:
India, with its diverse population, monitors various notifiable diseases to prevent outbreaks. These diseases are listed as part of public health laws.
* Rapid response to outbreaks.
* Improved public health outcomes.
* Enhanced global health security.
* Better understanding of disease epidemiology.


==Conclusion==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
The notification of diseases is a critical component of public health surveillance and response. By ensuring timely and accurate reporting, health authorities can take appropriate actions to protect populations from infectious diseases and other health threats.
! Disease
! Description
|-
| [[Cholera]]
| A diarrheal disease caused by ''[[Vibrio cholerae]]''.
|-
| [[Leprosy]]
| Also known as Hansen's disease, caused by ''[[Mycobacterium leprae]]''.
|-
| [[Diphtheria]]
| A bacterial infection spread through respiratory droplets.
|-
| [[Plague]]
| A bacterial disease caused by ''[[Yersinia pestis]]''.
|-
| [[Typhoid fever]]
| A bacterial infection due to ''[[Salmonella typhi]]''.
|}


==See Also==
=== Malaysia ===
* [[Epidemiology]]
Malaysia enforces reporting of specific diseases to track and control outbreaks. Below is a sortable table of these notifiable diseases.
* [[Public health]]
* [[Infectious disease control]]
* [[Surveillance (medicine)]]


==References==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
* Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Nationally Notifiable Infectious Diseases and Conditions, United States: Annual Tables." CDC, 2023.
! Disease
* World Health Organization. "International Health Regulations (2005)." WHO, 2023.
! Description
|-
| [[Cholera]]
| An infectious disease causing severe watery diarrhea.
|-
| [[Diphtheria]]
| A bacterial infection affecting the mucous membranes.
|-
| [[Leptospirosis]]
| A bacterial infection spread through water contaminated by animal urine.
|-
| [[Tuberculosis]]
| A bacterial infection affecting the lungs and other organs.
|-
| [[Typhoid fever]]
| A serious bacterial infection caused by ''[[Salmonella typhi]]''.
|}


==External Links==
=== United Kingdom ===
* [https://www.cdc.gov/nndss/ CDC National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System]
The UK has a statutory duty to report certain infectious diseases to public health authorities. Below is the list of notifiable diseases.
* [https://www.who.int/ihr/en/ WHO International Health Regulations]


{{Infectious diseases}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
[[Category:Public health]]
! Disease
[[Category:Infectious diseases]]
! Description
[[Category:Epidemiology]]
|-
| [[Anthrax]]
| A serious disease caused by ''[[Bacillus anthracis]]''.
|-
| [[Cholera]]
| A diarrheal disease caused by ''[[Vibrio cholerae]]''.
|-
| [[Diphtheria]]
| A potentially fatal bacterial infection.
|-
| [[Legionellosis]]
| A respiratory disease caused by ''[[Legionella]]'' bacteria.
|-
| [[Measles]]
| A highly contagious viral infection.
|}
 
=== United States ===
The United States requires reporting of certain diseases to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to monitor and prevent outbreaks.
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Disease
! Description
|-
| [[Anthrax]]
| A serious bacterial disease caused by ''[[Bacillus anthracis]]''.
|-
| [[Botulism]]
| A rare poisoning caused by toxins produced by ''[[Clostridium botulinum]]''.
|-
| [[Cholera]]
| A severe diarrheal disease caused by ''[[Vibrio cholerae]]''.
|-
| [[Tuberculosis]]
| An infectious disease caused by ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]''.
|-
| [[Typhoid fever]]
| A bacterial infection caused by ''[[Salmonella typhi]]''.
|}
'''Note:the above is a partial/incomplete list. Please check with the appropriate authority of the country for most up to date information.
'''
{{Public health}}
[[Category:Lists of diseases|Notifiable diseases]]
[[Category:Health law]]
{{nt}}

Latest revision as of 23:30, 4 January 2025

A notifiable disease is any disease that is required by law to be reported to government authorities. The collation of this data allows for the monitoring and control of public health threats.

The diseases listed below are categorized by pathogen and country. Each table includes internal links for key terms and references to the relevant public health authority or documentation.

By pathogen[edit]

Bacteria[edit]

Australia<ref name="Aus">Australia</ref> Hong Kong<ref name="HK">Hong Kong: List of statutory notifiable disease and case definitions; Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health</ref> India<ref name="India">India: Nationally Notifiable Diseases Archived 2018-01-04 at the Wayback Machine</ref> Malaysia<ref name="Mal">Malaysia: Primary Care Doctors Organization Malaysia Archived 2007-07-14 at the Wayback Machine</ref> United Kingdom<ref name="UK">UK: List of notifiable diseases</ref> United States<ref name="USA">US: 2016 Nationally Notifiable Conditions from CDC (public domain resource)</ref>
Anthrax Anthrax Anthrax Anthrax
Botulism Botulism Botulism Botulism
Cholera Cholera Cholera Cholera Cholera Cholera
Diphtheria Diphtheria Diphtheria Diphtheria Diphtheria Diphtheria
Leprosy Leprosy Leprosy Leprosy Leprosy Hansen's disease
Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Tuberculosis

Virus[edit]

Australia<ref name="Aus"/> Hong Kong<ref name="HK"/> India<ref name="India"/> Malaysia<ref name="Mal"/> United Kingdom<ref name="UK"/> United States<ref name="USA"/>
AIDS AIDS AIDS
COVID-19 COVID-19 COVID-19
Hepatitis A Hepatitis A Hepatitis A Hepatitis A Hepatitis A Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B Hepatitis B Hepatitis B Hepatitis B Hepatitis B Hepatitis B
Influenza Influenza Influenza
Measles Measles Measles Measles Measles Measles

Other Categories[edit]

Disease Australia<ref name="Aus"/> Hong Kong<ref name="HK"/> India<ref name="India"/> Malaysia<ref name="Mal"/> United Kingdom<ref name="UK"/> United States<ref name="USA"/>
Amoebic dysentery Yes Yes
Coccidioidomycosis Yes
Cryptosporidiosis Yes Yes
Malaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Trichinosis Yes

By Country[edit]

The following is a list of notifiable diseases arranged by country. Each country maintains its own list of diseases that must be reported to health authorities, aimed at controlling and monitoring public health threats.

Australia[edit]

Australia has a comprehensive list of notifiable diseases that are regularly monitored to ensure public health safety. Below is a sortable table of these diseases.

Disease Description
Anaplasmosis A tick-borne disease caused by bacteria of the genus Anaplasma.
Anthrax A serious infectious disease caused by gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis.
Botulism A rare but serious illness caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.
Cholera An acute diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with Vibrio cholerae.
Tuberculosis A potentially serious infectious disease caused by bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) that mainly affects the lungs.

Hong Kong[edit]

Hong Kong has a detailed surveillance system for notifiable diseases to protect its densely populated community. The diseases listed are part of the statutory requirement for notification.

Disease Description
Anthrax A bacterial infection that can be transmitted through contact with infected animals.
Cholera A bacterial disease usually spread through contaminated water.
Diphtheria A serious bacterial infection affecting the mucous membranes of the throat and nose.
Leprosy A chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae.
Measles A highly contagious viral infection.

India[edit]

India, with its diverse population, monitors various notifiable diseases to prevent outbreaks. These diseases are listed as part of public health laws.

Disease Description
Cholera A diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae.
Leprosy Also known as Hansen's disease, caused by Mycobacterium leprae.
Diphtheria A bacterial infection spread through respiratory droplets.
Plague A bacterial disease caused by Yersinia pestis.
Typhoid fever A bacterial infection due to Salmonella typhi.

Malaysia[edit]

Malaysia enforces reporting of specific diseases to track and control outbreaks. Below is a sortable table of these notifiable diseases.

Disease Description
Cholera An infectious disease causing severe watery diarrhea.
Diphtheria A bacterial infection affecting the mucous membranes.
Leptospirosis A bacterial infection spread through water contaminated by animal urine.
Tuberculosis A bacterial infection affecting the lungs and other organs.
Typhoid fever A serious bacterial infection caused by Salmonella typhi.

United Kingdom[edit]

The UK has a statutory duty to report certain infectious diseases to public health authorities. Below is the list of notifiable diseases.

Disease Description
Anthrax A serious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis.
Cholera A diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae.
Diphtheria A potentially fatal bacterial infection.
Legionellosis A respiratory disease caused by Legionella bacteria.
Measles A highly contagious viral infection.

United States[edit]

The United States requires reporting of certain diseases to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to monitor and prevent outbreaks.

Disease Description
Anthrax A serious bacterial disease caused by Bacillus anthracis.
Botulism A rare poisoning caused by toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum.
Cholera A severe diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae.
Tuberculosis An infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Typhoid fever A bacterial infection caused by Salmonella typhi.

Note:the above is a partial/incomplete list. Please check with the appropriate authority of the country for most up to date information.

Public health
General
* Auxology
Preventive healthcare
Population health
Biological and
epidemiological statistics
Infectious and epidemic
disease prevention
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