Permaculture
Permaculture
Permaculture (/ˈpɜːrməˌkʌltʃər/) is a set of design principles centered on whole systems thinking, simulating, or directly utilizing the patterns and resilient features observed in natural ecosystems. The term permaculture was developed and coined by David Holmgren, then a graduate student at the Tasmanian College of Advanced Education's Department of Environmental Design, and Bill Mollison, a senior lecturer in Environmental Psychology at University of Tasmania, in 1978. The word permaculture originally referred to "permanent agriculture", but was expanded to stand also for "permanent culture", as it was seen that social aspects were integral to a truly sustainable system as inspired by Masanobu Fukuoka’s natural farming philosophy.
Etymology
The term permaculture is a portmanteau of the words "permanent" and "agriculture". The concept was originally developed in response to the growing awareness of the unsustainable nature of modern industrial agricultural practices. It has since been expanded to include a broader range of topics related to sustainability and self-sufficiency.
Principles
Permaculture design emphasizes patterns of landscape, function, and species assemblies. It determines where these elements should be placed so they can provide maximum benefit to the local environment. The central concept of permaculture is maximizing beneficial relationships and minimizing harmful ones. Among the principles are: Observation, Relative Location, Multiple Functions, Multiple Elements, Efficiency, Natural Succession, and Diversity.
Related Terms
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Permaculture
- Wikipedia's article - Permaculture
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