Demographic transition

Demographic Transition

Demographic transition (pronunciation: /dɪˌmɒɡræfɪk trænˈsɪʃən/) is a theory in demography that explains the progression of a society from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as it develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system.

Etymology

The term "demographic transition" comes from the Greek word "dēmos" meaning "people" and the Latin word "transitio" meaning "going across". It was first used in the mid-20th century by demographer Frank W. Notestein to describe the societal changes occurring in Western Europe since the Industrial Revolution.

Stages of Demographic Transition

The demographic transition model consists of four stages:

Pre-Industrial Stage: High birth and death rates lead to a stable population.
Urbanizing and Industrializing Stage: Death rates drop, but birth rates remain high, leading to rapid population growth.
Mature Industrial Stage: Birth rates start to decline, leading to a slowing of population growth.
Post-Industrial Stage: Both birth and death rates are low, leading to a stable population.

Related Terms

Birth Rate: The number of live births per 1,000 people in a population in a year.
Death Rate: The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a year.
Population Growth: The increase in the number of individuals in a population.
Industrialization: The process by which an economy is transformed from primarily agricultural to one based on the manufacturing of goods.

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Demographic transition