Motor neuron diseases
Motor Neuron Diseases
Motor neuron diseases (pronunciation: /ˈmoʊtər ˈnjuːrɒn dɪˈziːz/) are a group of progressive neurological disorders that destroy motor neurons, the cells that control essential voluntary muscle activity such as speaking, walking, breathing, and swallowing.
Etymology
The term "motor neuron" is derived from the Latin motor meaning "mover" and the Greek neuron meaning "nerve". The term "disease" comes from the Old French desaise, meaning lack of ease.
Types of Motor Neuron Diseases
There are several types of motor neuron diseases, which are distinguished by their symptoms and specific pathophysiology. The main types include:
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
- Progressive bulbar palsy (PBP)
- Pseudobulbar palsy
- Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS)
- Progressive muscular atrophy (PMA)
Symptoms
Symptoms of motor neuron diseases can vary greatly from person to person and depend on the specific disease. However, common symptoms include:
- Difficulty walking
- Slurred speech
- Difficulty swallowing
- Muscle weakness
- Muscle cramps
- Muscle stiffness
Causes
The exact cause of motor neuron diseases is unknown. However, they are believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some motor neuron diseases, such as ALS, have a hereditary component, with the disease running in families.
Treatment
There is currently no cure for motor neuron diseases. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. This can include physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and medication to control symptoms.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Motor neuron diseases
- Wikipedia's article - Motor neuron diseases
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