Arthropathy

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Arthropathy
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Joint pain, swelling, stiffness
Complications	Joint deformity, loss of function
Onset	Varies depending on type
Duration	Chronic
Types	Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis
Causes	Autoimmune disease, infection, metabolic disorder, trauma
Risks	Age, genetics, obesity, joint injury
Diagnosis	Physical examination, imaging studies, blood tests
Differential diagnosis	Bursitis, tendinitis, fibromyalgia
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Medication, physical therapy, surgery
Medication	NSAIDs, corticosteroids, DMARDs, biologics
Prognosis	Varies; often chronic
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

<languages /><translate> Any disorder of the joints such as arthritis.

Jaccoud arthropathy hand x-ray front

Etiology

The word Arthropathy comes from two Greek words:Arthron which means joint and Pathos which means suffering or disease.

Types

Arthropathy can be of different types: It can be inflammatory such as rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative such as osteoarthritis, reactive such as lupus or psoriatic arthritis, crystal deposition such as gout or pseudogout based on etiology and they can also be congenital or acquired.

Charcot arthropathy

Some examples of arthritis / arthropathy:

• Ankylosing Spondylitis is arthritis that affects the spine.
• Gout is caused by crystals that build up in the joints.
• Juvenile arthritis is the term used to describe arthritis in children.
• Osteoarthritis usually comes with age and most often affects the fingers, knees, and hips. Sometimes osteoarthritis follows a joint injury.
• Psoriatic arthritis can occur in people who have psoriasis (scaly red and white skin patches) that affects the skin, joints, and areas where tissues attach to bone.
• Reactive arthritis is pain or swelling in a joint that is caused by an infection in your body.
• Rheumatoid arthritis an autoimmune disease that happens when the body‚Äôs own defense system doesn‚Äôt work properly.

Charcot arthropathy X-ray

Arthritis is seen with other conditions are called reactive arthropathy such as:

• Lupus happens when the body‚Äôs defense system harms the joints, heart, skin, kidneys, and other organs.
• Infection that gets into a joint and destroys the cushion between the bones.

Classification of joint diseases

Rheumatoid arthritis joint

Joint diseases can be classified as follows:

• Arthritis

• Infectious arthritis

• Septic arthritis (infectious)
• Tuberculosis arthritis
• Reactive arthritis (indirectly)

• Noninfectious arthritis

• Seronegative spondyloarthropathy:

• Psoriatic arthritis
• Ankylosing spondylitis

• Rheumatoid arthritis:

• Felty's syndrome

• Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
• Adult-onset Still's disease
• Crystal arthropathy

• Gout
• Chondrocalcinosis

• Osteoarthritis

• Hemarthrosis (joint bleeding)
• Synovitis is the medical term for inflammation of the synovial membrane.
• Joint dislocation

Gout

With arthropathy in the name

• Reactive arthropathy (M02-M03) is caused by an infection, but not a direct infection of the synovial space. (See also Reactive arthritis)
• Enteropathic arthropathy (M07) is caused by colitis and related conditions.
• Crystal arthropathy (also known as crystal arthritis) (M10-M11) involves the deposition of crystals in the joint.
  • In gout, the crystal is uric acid.
  • In pseudogout/chondrocalcinosis/calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, the crystal is calcium pyrophosphate.
• Diabetic arthropathy (M14.2, E10-E14) is caused by diabetes.
• Neuropathic arthropathy (M14.6) is associated with a loss of sensation.

Spondylarthropathy is any form of arthropathy of the vertebral column.

Feet in Reiters syndrome

Signs and symptoms

Symptoms of arthritis can include:

• Pain, redness, heat, and swelling in your joints.
• Trouble moving around.
• Fever.
• Weight loss.
• Breathing problems.
• Rash or itch.
• Gait problems etc.

These symptoms may also be signs of other illnesses.

Cause

• Some genes have been identified in certain types of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile arthritis.
• People with osteoarthritis may have inherited cartilage weakness.
• If you have the gene, something in your environment may trigger the condition - in those that genetically predisposed, things such as repeated joint injury may lead to osteoarthritis.

Septic arthritis of left hip joint with melioidosis

Diagnosis

The arthropathies are diagnosed with a detailed medical history, physical exam, blood tests, joint fluid aspiration and or culture at times, x-rays, CT scan or MRI etc.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the cause. If the joint disease is due to another systemic problem, then treat the underlying disease such as lupus, psoriasis etc. Possible treatments include:

• Medications such Pain relievers that are taken by mouth, creams or ointments that are rubbed into the skin over sore muscles or joints to relieve pain.
• Medications that may slow the course of the disease and prevent further damage to joints or other parts of the body.
• Surgery, such as joint replacement.

Prevention

Preventing injuries, reducing risk of crystal deposition such as dietary changes in terms of gout, timely treatment of any underlying disease etc.

Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

See also

• Gout
• Hereditary haemochromatosis
• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Familial Mediterranean fever affecting joints
• Osteoarthritis
• Spondyloarthropathy
• Septic arthritis
• Psoriatic arthritis
• Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
• Polyarthritis
• Reiters syndrome
• Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease
• Reactive arthritis
• Inflammatory arthritis
• Hemarthrosis
• Shoulder arthritis
• Oligoarthritis
• Adult-onset Still's disease
• Epidemic polyarthritis
• Knee arthritis
• Enteropathic arthropathy
• Systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis
• Jaccoud arthropathy
• Rheumatoid disease of the spine
• Post-traumatic arthritis

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