Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), pronounced /ˈdʒuːvɪnəl ˌaɪdɪəˈpæθɪk ɑːrˈθraɪtɪs/, is a type of arthritis that affects children under the age of 16. The term "idiopathic" means "of unknown cause."

Etymology

The term "juvenile idiopathic arthritis" is derived from the Latin words "juvenis" (youth), "idiopathes" (of oneself, personal, private), and "arthritus" (joint inflammation).

Definition

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a chronic, autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the joints. It is the most common type of arthritis in children. The exact cause of JIA is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Symptoms

Symptoms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis may include:

Joint pain and stiffness
Swelling in one or more joints
Fever
Fatigue
Rash

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis is typically made based on the child's symptoms, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI may also be used to assess the condition of the joints.

Treatment

Treatment for juvenile idiopathic arthritis aims to control symptoms, prevent joint damage, and maintain function. Treatment options may include:

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Corticosteroids
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
Biologic agents
Physical therapy

Prognosis

The prognosis for children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis varies. Some children may experience few problems, while others may experience significant joint damage and disability.

External links

Medical encyclopedia article on Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Wikipedia's article - Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis