Adverse drug reaction
Adverse drug reaction
An Adverse drug reaction (ADR) [1] is an unwanted or harmful reaction experienced following the administration of a drug or combination of drugs under normal conditions of use and is suspected to be related to the drug. The reaction may be a known side effect of the drug or it may be new and previously unrecognized.
Etymology
The term "adverse drug reaction" comes from the English words "adverse" (meaning harmful or unfavorable), "drug" (a substance used to treat an illness or condition), and "reaction" (a response to a particular situation or stimulus).
Types of Adverse Drug Reactions
There are several types of ADRs, including:
- Type A reactions: These are the most common type of ADR and are usually predictable from the known pharmacology of the drug. Examples include overdose, side effects, and drug interactions.
- Type B reactions: These are less common and are not predictable from the known pharmacology of the drug. They are often immune-mediated and include reactions such as anaphylaxis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
- Type C reactions: These are chronic reactions that occur with long-term use of a drug. Examples include osteoporosis from long-term use of corticosteroids.
- Type D reactions: These are delayed reactions that occur after prolonged use of a drug. An example is tardive dyskinesia from long-term use of antipsychotic drugs.
Related Terms
- Pharmacovigilance: The science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems.
- Drug Interaction: A situation in which a substance affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together.
- Pharmacodynamics: The study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action.
- Pharmacokinetics: The study of how an organism affects a drug, in terms of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
See Also
References
- ↑ == Template:IPA ==
The Template:IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) is a system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standardized representation of the sounds of spoken language.
Pronunciation
The pronunciation of the term "IPA" is /aɪ piː eɪ/ in English.
Etymology
The term "IPA" is an acronym for the International Phonetic Alphabet. The International Phonetic Association, founded in 1886, created the IPA to provide a single, universal system for the transcription of spoken language.
Related Terms
- Phonetic notation: A system used to visually represent the sounds of speech. The IPA is one type of phonetic notation.
- Phonetics: The study of the physical sounds of human speech. It is concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds (phonemes), and the processes of their physiological production, auditory reception, and neurophysiological perception.
- Phonology: The study of the way sounds function within a particular language or languages. While phonetics concerns the physical production, acoustic transmission and perception of the sounds of speech, phonology describes the way sounds function within a particular language or languages.
- Transcription (linguistics): The systematic representation of spoken language in written form. The source of the words transcribe and transcription, the term means "to write across" in Latin, and it's the process of converting spoken language into written form. In linguistics, this is often done using the IPA.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Adverse drug reaction
- Wikipedia's article - Adverse drug reaction
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External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Adverse drug reaction
- Wikipedia's article - Adverse drug reaction
This WikiMD article is a stub. You can help make it a full article.
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日本,
한국어,
South Asian
हिन्दी,
Urdu,
বাংলা,
తెలుగు,
தமிழ்,
ಕನ್ನಡ,
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Vietnamese,
Thai,
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Deutsch,
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