High-altitude pulmonary edema
High-altitude pulmonary edema (pronounced: hi-alti-tood pul-mon-ary ede-ma), often abbreviated as HAPE, is a life-threatening form of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema (fluid accumulation in the lungs) that occurs in otherwise healthy mountaineers at altitudes typically above 2,500 meters (8,200 ft).
Etymology
The term "High-altitude pulmonary edema" is derived from the Latin words 'altus' meaning 'high', 'pulmo' meaning 'lung', and 'edema' meaning 'swelling'.
Symptoms
The symptoms of HAPE typically manifest after rapid ascent to high altitudes and may include shortness of breath, cough, fatigue, chest pain, and confusion.
Causes
The exact cause of HAPE is not fully understood, but it is believed to be due to a combination of genetic predisposition, hypoxia (low oxygen levels), and physical exertion at high altitudes.
Treatment
Treatment for HAPE includes immediate descent to lower altitudes, administration of oxygen, and medications such as nifedipine and sildenafil.
Prevention
Prevention strategies for HAPE include gradual ascent to high altitudes, acclimatization, and prophylactic medications such as acetazolamide and dexamethasone.
See also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on High-altitude pulmonary edema
- Wikipedia's article - High-altitude pulmonary edema
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