Radiation-induced cancer
Radiation-induced cancer refers to the development of cancer following exposure to radiation. This type of cancer is a significant concern in fields such as radiology, nuclear power, and space travel, where exposure to radiation is a potential risk.
Causes
Radiation-induced cancer is caused by exposure to ionizing radiation, which can damage DNA and lead to mutations. This damage can occur directly, through the ionization of the DNA molecule itself, or indirectly, through the ionization of water molecules within cells, which can produce reactive oxygen species that damage DNA.
Types
There are several types of radiation-induced cancer, including leukemia, thyroid cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, and stomach cancer. The type of cancer that develops depends on the part of the body that was exposed to radiation, the dose of radiation, and the individual's genetic susceptibility.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for radiation-induced cancer include the dose and duration of radiation exposure, the age at exposure, and the individual's genetic susceptibility. Children and young adults are at a higher risk than older adults, and individuals with certain genetic conditions, such as ataxia-telangiectasia, are at a higher risk.
Prevention and Treatment
Prevention of radiation-induced cancer involves minimizing exposure to ionizing radiation. This can be achieved through the use of protective equipment and procedures in occupations where exposure to radiation is a risk. Treatment of radiation-induced cancer typically involves surgery, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy, depending on the type and stage of the cancer.
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