Frostbite

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC

Frostbite
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Cold skin, numbness, clumsiness, blistering after rewarming
Complications	Gangrene, infection, hypothermia
Onset	Gradual with exposure to cold
Duration	Varies, can be permanent
Types	N/A
Causes	Exposure to extreme cold
Risks	Alcohol consumption, smoking, diabetes, peripheral neuropathy
Diagnosis	Based on symptoms and physical examination
Differential diagnosis	Chilblains, trench foot, Raynaud's phenomenon
Prevention	Proper clothing, avoiding prolonged exposure to cold
Treatment	Rewarming, pain management, wound care, possible surgery
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Depends on severity; possible permanent damage
Frequency	Common in cold climates
Deaths	Rare, but possible due to complications

Frostbite
ICD-10	T33 -T35
ICD-9	991.0-991.3
DiseasesDB	31167
MedlinePlus	000057
eMedicine	emerg 209 med/2815 derm/833 ped/803
MeSH ID	D00562

Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are a class of medications that can be purchased without the requirement of a doctor's prescription. They are primarily used for the treatment of common, non-serious, and self-diagnosable health conditions.

Classification and Examples

These drugs encompass a broad spectrum of classes and offer a range of remedies for conditions such as pain, cold, allergies, constipation, and heartburn. Examples include analgesics like aspirin and acetaminophen, antihistamines, and antacids. OTC drugs also cover dietary supplements, vitamins, and skincare products, among others.

Regulations

The availability of OTC drugs is regulated by the country's drug regulatory authority, like the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States. These agencies classify drugs based on their safety profile, potential for misuse, and necessity for a physician's supervision during treatment.

Safety and Risks

While OTC drugs are generally safe for public consumption, misuse or overuse can lead to adverse effects or drug interactions. As such, reading and understanding the label instructions and warnings is crucial. Certain groups, such as pregnant women, children, and older adults, may be more susceptible to the risks associated with OTC drugs and should exercise caution.

Role in Healthcare

OTC drugs play an essential role in healthcare, offering convenient, cost-effective, and immediate access to medications for minor health issues. They reduce the burden on healthcare professionals and facilities by enabling self-care and preventive care.

Frostbite gallery

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  Right foot third degree frostbite

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  Left foot third degree frostbite

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  Human toes, 12 days post-frostbite

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  Frostbite dorsal surface feet

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  Frostbite palmar surface feet

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  CDC winter safety infographic

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  Human toes, 3 weeks post-frostbite

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  Nigel Vardy Frostbite

See Also

• Prescription Drug
• Pharmacy
• Pharmacology

References

• "Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs." U.S. Food and Drug Administration. [1]
• "The benefits and risks of over-the-counter medications." Johns Hopkins Medicine. [2]

References

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