Bunion: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Hallux valgus or bunion 01.jpg|alt=Bunion or hallux valgus|thumb|Bunion or hallux valgus]] | {{Infobox medical condition | ||
| name = Bunion | |||
| image = [[File:Hallux_Valgus-Aspect_pré_op_décharge.JPG|250px]] | |||
| caption = A bunion at the base of the big toe | |||
| field = [[Orthopedics]] | |||
| synonyms = Hallux valgus | |||
| symptoms = [[Pain]], [[swelling]], [[redness]], [[callus]] formation | |||
| complications = [[Bursitis]], [[arthritis]] | |||
| onset = Gradual | |||
| duration = Long-term | |||
| causes = [[Genetics]], [[footwear]] | |||
| risks = [[Flat feet]], [[tight shoes]], [[high heels]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Physical examination]], [[X-ray]] | |||
| differential = [[Gout]], [[arthritis]], [[hallux rigidus]] | |||
| prevention = Proper [[footwear]], [[orthotics]] | |||
| treatment = [[Orthotics]], [[surgery]] | |||
| medication = [[Pain relievers]], [[anti-inflammatory drugs]] | |||
| prognosis = Good with treatment | |||
| frequency = Common | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Hallux valgus or bunion 01.jpg|alt=Bunion or hallux valgus|left|thumb|Bunion or hallux valgus]] | |||
== Other names == | == Other names == | ||
Hallux valgus | Hallux valgus | ||
A [[bunion]], or hallux valgus, is a bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of the [[big toe]]. It occurs when some of the bones in the front part of the foot move out of place. This causes the tip of the big toe to get pulled toward the smaller toes and forces the joint at the base of the big toe to stick out. The skin over the bunion might be red and sore. | A [[bunion]], or hallux valgus, is a bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of the [[big toe]]. It occurs when some of the bones in the front part of the foot move out of place. This causes the tip of the big toe to get pulled toward the smaller toes and forces the joint at the base of the big toe to stick out. The skin over the bunion might be red and sore. | ||
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== Etiology == | == Etiology == | ||
Bunions are most commonly caused by an inherited structural defect in the foot. However, wearing tight or high-heeled shoes can exacerbate the problem. Over time, these types of footwear can force the foot bones into an unnatural shape, leading to bunion development. | Bunions are most commonly caused by an inherited structural defect in the foot. However, wearing tight or high-heeled shoes can exacerbate the problem. Over time, these types of footwear can force the foot bones into an unnatural shape, leading to bunion development. | ||
== Risk Factors == | == Risk Factors == | ||
Risk factors for bunions include: | Risk factors for bunions include: | ||
Wearing improperly fitting shoes: High heels, shoes that are too tight, or narrow, pointed shoes can all lead to bunion development. | Wearing improperly fitting shoes: High heels, shoes that are too tight, or narrow, pointed shoes can all lead to bunion development. | ||
Rheumatoid arthritis: This inflammatory condition can increase the likelihood of bunions. | Rheumatoid arthritis: This inflammatory condition can increase the likelihood of bunions. | ||
Heredity: The tendency to develop bunions might be because of an inherited problem with the structure of the foot. | Heredity: The tendency to develop bunions might be because of an inherited problem with the structure of the foot. | ||
== Clinical Presentation == | == Clinical Presentation == | ||
A patient with a bunion may present with: | A patient with a bunion may present with: | ||
* A bulging bump on the outside of the base of the big toe. | * A bulging bump on the outside of the base of the big toe. | ||
* Persistent or intermittent pain. | * Persistent or intermittent pain. | ||
* Restricted movement of the big toe if arthritis affects the toe. | * Restricted movement of the big toe if arthritis affects the toe. | ||
* Corns or calluses | * Corns or calluses — these often develop where the first and second toes overlap. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis of a bunion is based on the physical examination of the foot. An x-ray may be ordered to understand the severity of the problem and aid in the development of a treatment plan. | Diagnosis of a bunion is based on the physical examination of the foot. An x-ray may be ordered to understand the severity of the problem and aid in the development of a treatment plan. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Non-surgical treatments for bunions may include wearing shoes with adequate room in the toe box, padding the bunion, using shoe inserts or over-the-counter arch supports. If these measures are not sufficient, surgical options exist to remove the bunion and realign the toe. | Non-surgical treatments for bunions may include wearing shoes with adequate room in the toe box, padding the bunion, using shoe inserts or over-the-counter arch supports. If these measures are not sufficient, surgical options exist to remove the bunion and realign the toe. | ||
== Prognosis == | == Prognosis == | ||
Most people experience significant relief from bunion pain through non-surgical treatments. If surgery is required, it generally has a high success rate. | Most people experience significant relief from bunion pain through non-surgical treatments. If surgery is required, it generally has a high success rate. | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
Mayo Clinic. Bunions. (2019). Retrieved from [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bunions/symptoms-causes/syc-20354799] | Mayo Clinic. Bunions. (2019). Retrieved from [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bunions/symptoms-causes/syc-20354799] | ||
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Bunions. (2011). Retrieved from [https://www.orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/bunions] | American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Bunions. (2011). Retrieved from [https://www.orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/bunions] | ||
== External Links == | == External Links == | ||
* [https://www.apma.org/bunions American Podiatric Medical Association - Bunions] | * [https://www.apma.org/bunions American Podiatric Medical Association - Bunions] | ||
* [https://medlineplus.gov/bunions MedlinePlus - Bunions] | * [https://medlineplus.gov/bunions MedlinePlus - Bunions] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:19, 4 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
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| Bunion | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Hallux valgus |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Pain, swelling, redness, callus formation |
| Complications | Bursitis, arthritis |
| Onset | Gradual |
| Duration | Long-term |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetics, footwear |
| Risks | Flat feet, tight shoes, high heels |
| Diagnosis | Physical examination, X-ray |
| Differential diagnosis | Gout, arthritis, hallux rigidus |
| Prevention | Proper footwear, orthotics |
| Treatment | Orthotics, surgery |
| Medication | Pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs |
| Prognosis | Good with treatment |
| Frequency | Common |
| Deaths | N/A |
Other names[edit]
Hallux valgus A bunion, or hallux valgus, is a bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of the big toe. It occurs when some of the bones in the front part of the foot move out of place. This causes the tip of the big toe to get pulled toward the smaller toes and forces the joint at the base of the big toe to stick out. The skin over the bunion might be red and sore.
Etiology[edit]
Bunions are most commonly caused by an inherited structural defect in the foot. However, wearing tight or high-heeled shoes can exacerbate the problem. Over time, these types of footwear can force the foot bones into an unnatural shape, leading to bunion development.
Risk Factors[edit]
Risk factors for bunions include: Wearing improperly fitting shoes: High heels, shoes that are too tight, or narrow, pointed shoes can all lead to bunion development. Rheumatoid arthritis: This inflammatory condition can increase the likelihood of bunions. Heredity: The tendency to develop bunions might be because of an inherited problem with the structure of the foot.
Clinical Presentation[edit]
A patient with a bunion may present with:
- A bulging bump on the outside of the base of the big toe.
- Persistent or intermittent pain.
- Restricted movement of the big toe if arthritis affects the toe.
- Corns or calluses — these often develop where the first and second toes overlap.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of a bunion is based on the physical examination of the foot. An x-ray may be ordered to understand the severity of the problem and aid in the development of a treatment plan.
Treatment[edit]
Non-surgical treatments for bunions may include wearing shoes with adequate room in the toe box, padding the bunion, using shoe inserts or over-the-counter arch supports. If these measures are not sufficient, surgical options exist to remove the bunion and realign the toe.
Prognosis[edit]
Most people experience significant relief from bunion pain through non-surgical treatments. If surgery is required, it generally has a high success rate.
References[edit]
Mayo Clinic. Bunions. (2019). Retrieved from [1] American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Bunions. (2011). Retrieved from [2]
External Links[edit]
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