Pain relievers
Pain relievers
Pain relievers (pronunciation: /peɪn rɪˈliːvərz/), also known as analgesics (pronunciation: /ˌænəlˈdʒiːzɪks/), are a class of drugs used to achieve analgesia, relief from pain. The term "analgesic" derives from Greek "an-" (without) and "algos" (pain).
Types of Pain Relievers
Pain relievers can be broadly classified into two categories: Non-opioid analgesics and Opioid analgesics.
Non-opioid analgesics
Non-opioid analgesics are the most commonly used pain relievers and include drugs such as Paracetamol (also known as acetaminophen), and Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like Ibuprofen and Aspirin. These drugs work by blocking the production of prostaglandins, substances in the body that cause inflammation and pain.
Opioid analgesics
Opioid analgesics, such as Morphine, Codeine, and Oxycodone, are stronger pain relievers used for moderate to severe pain. They work by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, blocking pain signals sent to the brain.
Side Effects
Like all medications, pain relievers can have side effects. Common side effects of non-opioid analgesics include stomach upset, ulcers, and increased risk of bleeding. Opioid analgesics can cause drowsiness, constipation, and, with long-term use, addiction.
Related Terms
- Analgesia: The inability to feel pain while still conscious.
- Antipyretic: A substance that reduces fever.
- Anti-inflammatory: A substance that reduces inflammation.
- Prostaglandins: Lipid compounds with diverse hormone-like effects, including the modulation of inflammation and pain.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Pain relievers
- Wikipedia's article - Pain relievers
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