Saint Louis encephalitis: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Saint Louis encephalitis | |||
| image = [[File:St._Louis_Encephalitis_(SLE)_virus_EM_PHIL_1871_lores.JPG|alt=Electron micrograph of Saint Louis encephalitis virus]] | |||
| caption = Electron micrograph of Saint Louis encephalitis virus | |||
| field = [[Infectious disease]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Fever]], [[headache]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[fatigue]], [[confusion]], [[seizures]] | |||
| complications = [[Encephalitis]], [[meningitis]], [[neurological disorder]] | |||
| onset = 5 to 15 days after exposure | |||
| duration = Weeks to months | |||
| causes = [[Saint Louis encephalitis virus]] | |||
| risks = [[Mosquito]] exposure, [[elderly]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Serology]], [[PCR]] | |||
| differential = [[West Nile virus]], [[Eastern equine encephalitis]], [[Western equine encephalitis]] | |||
| prevention = [[Mosquito control]], [[insect repellent]] | |||
| treatment = [[Supportive care]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, worse in elderly | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
| deaths = 5-15% of symptomatic cases | |||
}} | |||
[[File:St louis encephalitis map.PNG|Map of Saint Louis encephalitis distribution|thumb|left]] | |||
'''Saint Louis encephalitis''' ([[SLE]]) is a disease caused by the [[Saint Louis encephalitis virus]] (SLEV), a member of the [[Flavivirus]] family. It is named after the city of [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], where the virus was first identified in 1933. The disease is primarily spread through the bite of an infected [[mosquito]], and is found throughout the United States, particularly in the Midwest and South. | '''Saint Louis encephalitis''' ([[SLE]]) is a disease caused by the [[Saint Louis encephalitis virus]] (SLEV), a member of the [[Flavivirus]] family. It is named after the city of [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], where the virus was first identified in 1933. The disease is primarily spread through the bite of an infected [[mosquito]], and is found throughout the United States, particularly in the Midwest and South. | ||
==Epidemiology== | ==Epidemiology== | ||
SLE is most common in rural and suburban areas, particularly in regions with high mosquito populations. The disease is most prevalent during the summer and early fall, when mosquitoes are most active. The [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) estimates that there are between 63 and 187 cases of SLE in the United States each year. | SLE is most common in rural and suburban areas, particularly in regions with high mosquito populations. The disease is most prevalent during the summer and early fall, when mosquitoes are most active. The [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) estimates that there are between 63 and 187 cases of SLE in the United States each year. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
Most people infected with SLEV have no apparent illness. Initial symptoms of those who become ill include fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and tiredness. Severe neuroinvasive disease (often involving encephalitis, an inflammation of the brain) occurs more commonly in older adults. In rare cases, long-term disability or death can result. | Most people infected with SLEV have no apparent illness. Initial symptoms of those who become ill include fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and tiredness. Severe neuroinvasive disease (often involving encephalitis, an inflammation of the brain) occurs more commonly in older adults. In rare cases, long-term disability or death can result. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis is based on tests of blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The tests detect antibodies that the immune system makes against the viral infection. | Diagnosis is based on tests of blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The tests detect antibodies that the immune system makes against the viral infection. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
There is no specific treatment for SLE. Care is based on symptoms. In severe cases, hospitalization, respiratory support, and intravenous fluids may be required. | There is no specific treatment for SLE. Care is based on symptoms. In severe cases, hospitalization, respiratory support, and intravenous fluids may be required. | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
Prevention centers on controlling mosquito populations and preventing mosquito bites. This includes the use of insect repellent and wearing protective clothing. | Prevention centers on controlling mosquito populations and preventing mosquito bites. This includes the use of insect repellent and wearing protective clothing. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[West Nile virus]] | * [[West Nile virus]] | ||
| Line 21: | Line 36: | ||
* [[Eastern equine encephalitis virus]] | * [[Eastern equine encephalitis virus]] | ||
* [[Western equine encephalitis virus]] | * [[Western equine encephalitis virus]] | ||
[[Category:Flaviviruses]] | [[Category:Flaviviruses]] | ||
[[Category:Arthropod-borne viral fevers and viral haemorrhagic fevers]] | [[Category:Arthropod-borne viral fevers and viral haemorrhagic fevers]] | ||
[[Category:Encephalitis]] | [[Category:Encephalitis]] | ||
{{Viral diseases}} | {{Viral diseases}} | ||
{{Mosquito-borne diseases}} | {{Mosquito-borne diseases}} | ||
{{medicine-stub}} | {{medicine-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 14:43, 9 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Saint Louis encephalitis | |
|---|---|
_virus_EM_PHIL_1871_lores.JPG)
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, confusion, seizures |
| Complications | Encephalitis, meningitis, neurological disorder |
| Onset | 5 to 15 days after exposure |
| Duration | Weeks to months |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Saint Louis encephalitis virus |
| Risks | Mosquito exposure, elderly |
| Diagnosis | Serology, PCR |
| Differential diagnosis | West Nile virus, Eastern equine encephalitis, Western equine encephalitis |
| Prevention | Mosquito control, insect repellent |
| Treatment | Supportive care |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, worse in elderly |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | 5-15% of symptomatic cases |
Saint Louis encephalitis (SLE) is a disease caused by the Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), a member of the Flavivirus family. It is named after the city of Saint Louis, Missouri, where the virus was first identified in 1933. The disease is primarily spread through the bite of an infected mosquito, and is found throughout the United States, particularly in the Midwest and South.
Epidemiology[edit]
SLE is most common in rural and suburban areas, particularly in regions with high mosquito populations. The disease is most prevalent during the summer and early fall, when mosquitoes are most active. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that there are between 63 and 187 cases of SLE in the United States each year.
Symptoms[edit]
Most people infected with SLEV have no apparent illness. Initial symptoms of those who become ill include fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and tiredness. Severe neuroinvasive disease (often involving encephalitis, an inflammation of the brain) occurs more commonly in older adults. In rare cases, long-term disability or death can result.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis is based on tests of blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The tests detect antibodies that the immune system makes against the viral infection.
Treatment[edit]
There is no specific treatment for SLE. Care is based on symptoms. In severe cases, hospitalization, respiratory support, and intravenous fluids may be required.
Prevention[edit]
Prevention centers on controlling mosquito populations and preventing mosquito bites. This includes the use of insect repellent and wearing protective clothing.
See also[edit]
- West Nile virus
- Japanese encephalitis
- Eastern equine encephalitis virus
- Western equine encephalitis virus
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