Cavg

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Chest pain, shortness of breath
Complications	Myocardial infarction, stroke
Onset
Duration
Types
Causes	Coronary artery disease
Risks	Smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia
Diagnosis	Coronary angiography
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Surgery
Medication
Prognosis
Frequency
Deaths	N/A

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) is a surgical procedure used to treat coronary artery disease (CAD). It is one of the most common types of open-heart surgery performed in adults.

Indications

CABG is indicated for patients with significant coronary artery disease, particularly when there is:

• Severe angina that cannot be controlled with medication or other treatments.
• Blockage of the left main coronary artery or multiple coronary arteries.
• Failure of other treatments such as angioplasty or stenting.
• High risk of heart attack due to severe blockages.

Procedure

The procedure involves taking a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body, often the saphenous vein from the leg or the internal mammary artery from the chest, and grafting it onto the blocked coronary artery. This creates a new pathway for blood to flow to the heart muscle.

Preparation

Before the surgery, patients undergo a thorough evaluation including:

• Coronary angiography to visualize the blockages.
• Echocardiogram to assess heart function.
• Blood tests and other diagnostic tests to ensure the patient is fit for surgery.

Surgical Technique

The surgery is performed under general anesthesia. The steps include: 1. Making an incision in the chest to access the heart. 2. Harvesting the graft vessel from the leg or chest. 3. Attaching the graft to the coronary artery beyond the blockage. 4. Restarting the heart and closing the chest incision.

Postoperative Care

After surgery, patients are monitored in the intensive care unit (ICU) for a few days. Recovery involves:

• Pain management.
• Monitoring for complications such as infection, bleeding, or arrhythmias.
• Gradual increase in physical activity.

Complications

Potential complications of CABG include:

• Myocardial infarction during or after surgery.
• Stroke due to embolism.
• Infection at the incision site.
• Arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation.
• Graft occlusion over time.

Prognosis

The prognosis after CABG is generally good, with many patients experiencing relief from symptoms and a reduced risk of heart attack. Long-term success depends on lifestyle changes such as:

• Quitting smoking.
• Managing hypertension and diabetes.
• Following a heart-healthy diet.
• Regular exercise.

See also

• Coronary artery disease
• Angioplasty
• Stenting

External links

• [American Heart Association]
• [National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute]

Cardiovascular disease A-Z

Most common cardiac diseases

• Cardiac arrhythmia‎
• Cardiogenetic disorders‎
• Cardiomegaly‎
• Cardiomyopathy‎
• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation‎
• Chronic rheumatic heart diseases‎
• Congenital heart defects‎
• Heart neoplasia‎
• Ischemic heart diseases‎
• Pericardial disorders
• Syndromes affecting the heart‎
• Valvular heart disease‎

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

A

• Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
• Acute decompensated heart failure
• Arteriosclerotic heart disease
• Athletic heart syndrome
• Atrial flutter
• Atrioventricular fistula
• Cardiovascular disease in Australia
• Autoimmune heart disease

B

• Brown atrophy of the heart

C

• Ebb Cade
• Cardiac allograft vasculopathy
• Cardiac amyloidosis
• Cardiac asthma
• Cardiac tamponade
• Cardiogenic shock
• Cardiogeriatrics
• Cardiorenal syndrome
• Cardiotoxicity
• Carditis
• Coronary artery aneurysm
• Coronary artery anomaly
• Coronary artery disease
• Spontaneous coronary artery dissection
• Coronary artery ectasia
• Coronary occlusion
• Coronary steal
• Coronary thrombosis
• Coronary vasospasm
• Cœur en sabot
• Coxsackievirus-induced cardiomyopathy

D

• Duke Treadmill Score
• Duroziez's disease

E

• Eisenmenger's syndrome
• Embryocardia
• Endocardial fibroelastosis
• Eosinophilic myocarditis

H

• Heart attack
• Heart failure
• Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
• Heart to Heart (1949 film)
• High-output heart failure
• Hyperdynamic precordium

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

I

• Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis
• Interventricular dyssynchrony
• Intraventricular dyssynchrony
• Isolated atrial amyloidosis

K

• Keshan disease

L

• Loeffler endocarditis

M

• Mydicar
• Myocardial bridge
• Myocardial disarray
• Myocardial rupture
• Myocardial scarring
• Myocardial stunning
• Myocarditis

N

• Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis

O

• OLR1
• Ostial disease

P

• Papillary fibroelastoma
• Pathophysiology of heart failure
• Postpericardiotomy syndrome
• Pulmonary vein stenosis

R

• Right axis deviation
• Roemheld syndrome

S

• Saturated fat and cardiovascular disease
• SCAR-Fc
• Shone's syndrome
• Strain pattern
• Subacute bacterial endocarditis
• Sudden cardiac death of athletes

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

T

• Traumatic cardiac arrest

V

• Ventricular aneurysm
• Vibroacoustic disease
• Viral cardiomyopathy

W

• Waon therapy