Oliguria

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Oliguria

Oliguria (pronounced: oh-li-gyoo-ree-uh) is a medical term that refers to the production of abnormally small amounts of urine. It is often a symptom of various medical conditions, including kidney disease, dehydration, and certain medications.

Etymology

The term "oliguria" is derived from the Greek words "oligos," meaning "little" or "few," and "ouron," meaning "urine." Thus, it literally translates to "little urine."

Definition

Oliguria is typically defined as a urine output of less than 400 milliliters, which is less than about 13.5 ounces, over the course of 24 hours. However, the specific amount can vary depending on the individual's body size and overall fluid intake.

Causes

Oliguria can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

  • Kidney disease: Damage to the kidneys can reduce their ability to filter waste and produce urine.
  • Dehydration: Lack of sufficient fluid intake can lead to decreased urine production.
  • Medications: Certain drugs, such as diuretics and blood pressure medications, can affect urine output.
  • Heart failure: This condition can reduce blood flow to the kidneys, leading to decreased urine production.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of oliguria typically involves a physical examination, a review of the patient's medical history, and various tests to measure urine output and assess kidney function. These may include a urinalysis, a blood test, and imaging studies such as an ultrasound or CT scan.

Treatment

Treatment for oliguria depends on the underlying cause. This may involve increasing fluid intake, adjusting medications, or treating any underlying medical conditions. In severe cases, hospitalization and dialysis may be necessary.

Related Terms

  • Anuria: The absence of urine production.
  • Polyuria: The production of abnormally large amounts of urine.
  • Dysuria: Painful or difficult urination.

External links

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