Penile fracture

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Penile fracture
Penile fracture
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Popping sound, pain, swelling, bruising
Complications	Erectile dysfunction, urethral injury
Onset	Sudden
Duration	Varies
Types	N/A
Causes	Trauma to an erect penis
Risks	Vigorous sexual intercourse, masturbation, rolling over in bed
Diagnosis	Physical examination, ultrasound, MRI
Differential diagnosis	Penile contusion, urethral injury
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Surgical repair
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Good with prompt treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Penile fracture refers to a serious injury to the penis, specifically the rupture of one or both tunica albuginea, the fibrous envelope of the corpora cavernosa. This injury is typically the result of a sudden, blunt force applied to an erect penis and often occurs during sexual intercourse or aggressive masturbation. This condition may also include additional injuries to the urethra, dorsal nerves, veins, or arteries of the penis.

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

The penis's corpora cavernosa, enclosed by the tunica albuginea, are primarily involved in penile erection. The tunica albuginea, a tough fibrous layer, maintains the rigidity of the erect penis. When a blunt force is applied to the erect penis, the pressure within the corpora cavernosa can exceed the tunica albuginea's strength, leading to a fracture or rupture.<ref>,

 Shotgun injuries to the penis and male urethra, 
 Urologic Clinics of North America, 
 1989,
 Vol. 16(Issue: 2),
 pp. 359-364,
 
 PMID: 2655678,</ref>

Clinical Presentation

Patients with a penile fracture typically present with a history of trauma to the erect penis. This trauma often results in a loud cracking or popping sound, immediate detumescence (loss of erection), and significant pain. Physical examination frequently reveals penile bruising, swelling, and deviation of the penis to the side opposite the fracture.<ref>,

 Penile fracture - experience in 56 cases, 
 International Brazilian Journal of Urology, 
 2003,
 Vol. 29(Issue: 1),
 pp. 35-39,
 DOI: 10.1590/S1677-55382003000100008,
 PMID: 15703060,</ref>

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a penile fracture is primarily clinical, based on patient history and physical examination. If there is uncertainty, imaging studies like an ultrasound, MRI, or a retrograde urethrogram (if urethral injury is suspected) may be used.<ref>,

 Management of penile fracture, 
 Journal of Trauma, 
 2004,
 Vol. 56(Issue: 5),
 pp. 1138-1140,
 DOI: 10.1097/01.TA.0000111751.52017.BB,
 PMID: 15179261,</ref>

Treatment and Prognosis

Prompt surgical repair is the standard treatment for penile fracture, as it can reduce the likelihood of complications like erectile dysfunction, penile curvature (Peyronie's disease), or painful erections.<ref>,

 Penile fracture in Kermanshah, Iran: Report of 172 cases, 
 Journal of Urology, 
 2000,
 Vol. 164(Issue: 2),
 pp. 364-366,
 DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67419-7,
 PMID: 10893601,</ref> Conservative management is generally reserved for minor injuries with no urethral involvement.<ref>, 
 Current treatment options for penile fractures, 
 Reviews in Urology, 
 2004,
 Vol. 6(Issue: 3),
 pp. 114-120,
 
 PMID: 16985599,
 PMC: 1472850,</ref>

References

<references />

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