Sinus tarsi syndrome

Sinus Tarsi Syndrome is a medical condition characterized by persistent pain in the ankle and foot, specifically in the sinus tarsi, a small cavity or tunnel located between the ankle and heel bone. The syndrome is often associated with instability of the subtalar joint, which is located in the foot.

Causes

Sinus Tarsi Syndrome is typically caused by an inversion ankle sprain, where the foot rolls inward, damaging the ligaments of the outer ankle. Other causes can include flatfoot deformity, rheumatoid arthritis, and overuse or repetitive strain from activities such as running or jumping.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of Sinus Tarsi Syndrome is pain in the sinus tarsi region, which can be exacerbated by walking or standing. Other symptoms can include instability of the foot or ankle, swelling, and a sensation of the foot "giving way".

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Sinus Tarsi Syndrome is primarily based on the patient's history and a physical examination. Imaging techniques such as X-ray, MRI, or CT scan may be used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Treatment for Sinus Tarsi Syndrome typically involves conservative measures such as rest, physical therapy, and the use of orthotics to support the foot and reduce strain on the sinus tarsi. In some cases, corticosteroid injections may be used to reduce inflammation and pain. If conservative treatments are ineffective, surgery may be considered.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, most individuals with Sinus Tarsi Syndrome experience significant improvement in their symptoms. However, some may continue to experience residual pain or instability, particularly if the underlying cause of the syndrome is not addressed.

See Also

• Ankle sprain
• Subtalar joint
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Orthotics

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