Bone grafting
Bone grafting
Bone grafting (/boʊn ɡræftɪŋ/) is a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone with material from the patient's own body, an artificial, synthetic, or natural substitute.
Etymology
The term "bone grafting" is derived from the words "bone", which comes from the Old English bān meaning "bone", and "graft", which originates from the Old French graftier meaning "to implant".
Procedure
Bone grafting is commonly performed to repair damaged bones or joints, fill in voids where bone is absent, and provide structural stability. The bone used in a graft can come from the patient's own body (autograft), from a donor (allograft), or from a synthetic material (synthetic bone graft substitute).
Types of Bone Grafts
There are four main types of bone grafts:
- Autografts: Bone is taken from one area of the patient's body and transplanted to another area. The advantage of an autograft is that it is the patient's own bone, so there is no risk of disease transmission or rejection.
- Allografts: Bone is taken from a deceased donor and transplanted to the patient. Allografts are usually processed to remove the immune components, reducing the risk of rejection.
- Xenografts: Bone is taken from a different species, usually a cow, and transplanted to the patient. Xenografts are also processed to remove the immune components.
- Synthetic grafts: These are man-made materials that mimic natural bone.
Applications
Bone grafting is used in a variety of medical applications, including orthopedics, dental procedures, and plastic surgery. It is also used in spinal fusion surgery and in certain cases of bone loss due to trauma or disease.
Risks and Complications
As with any surgical procedure, bone grafting carries some risks. These may include infection, bleeding, nerve damage, graft failure, and complications related to anesthesia.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Bone grafting
- Wikipedia's article - Bone grafting
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