Gestational diabetes: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Blue_circle_for_diabetes.svg|Blue circle symbol for diabetes | {{SI}} | ||
[[File:Insulin_glucose_metabolism.jpg|Diagram of insulin and glucose metabolism|thumb]] | {{Infobox medical condition | ||
[[File:Gestational_diabetes_kit.jpg|Gestational diabetes testing kit|thumb]] | | name = Gestational diabetes | ||
| image = [[File:Blue_circle_for_diabetes.svg|alt=Blue circle for diabetes|upright=0.75]] | |||
| caption = The blue circle is the international symbol for diabetes. | |||
| field = [[Endocrinology]] | |||
| synonyms = Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) | |||
| symptoms = [[Hyperglycemia]], increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue | |||
| complications = [[Preeclampsia]], [[macrosomia]], [[neonatal hypoglycemia]], [[type 2 diabetes]] | |||
| onset = During [[pregnancy]] | |||
| duration = Temporary, resolves after delivery | |||
| causes = [[Insulin resistance]] | |||
| risks = [[Obesity]], [[family history]] of diabetes, [[advanced maternal age]], [[polycystic ovary syndrome]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Oral glucose tolerance test]] (OGTT) | |||
| differential = [[Type 1 diabetes]], [[Type 2 diabetes]] | |||
| prevention = [[Healthy diet]], [[exercise]], maintaining a healthy weight | |||
| treatment = [[Dietary management]], [[insulin therapy]], [[blood glucose monitoring]] | |||
| medication = [[Insulin]], [[metformin]] | |||
| frequency = 3-9% of pregnancies | |||
| deaths = Rare, but can lead to complications if untreated | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Insulin_glucose_metabolism.jpg|Diagram of insulin and glucose metabolism|left|thumb]] | |||
[[File:Gestational_diabetes_kit.jpg|Gestational diabetes testing kit|left|thumb]] | |||
Gestational diabetes is a type of [[diabetes]] that occurs during [[pregnancy]], typically developing in the second or third trimester. It is characterized by high blood glucose levels that can affect both mother and baby's health. While it usually resolves after childbirth, women who have had gestational diabetes are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. | Gestational diabetes is a type of [[diabetes]] that occurs during [[pregnancy]], typically developing in the second or third trimester. It is characterized by high blood glucose levels that can affect both mother and baby's health. While it usually resolves after childbirth, women who have had gestational diabetes are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. | ||
=== Etiology and Risk Factors === | === Etiology and Risk Factors === | ||
The exact cause of gestational diabetes remains unclear, but it is known to be associated with hormonal changes during pregnancy. These hormones impair the action of insulin, leading to insulin resistance and elevated blood glucose levels. | The exact cause of gestational diabetes remains unclear, but it is known to be associated with hormonal changes during pregnancy. These hormones impair the action of insulin, leading to insulin resistance and elevated blood glucose levels. | ||
Risk factors for developing gestational diabetes include advanced maternal age, family history of diabetes, overweight or obesity, previously giving birth to a baby over 9 pounds, and a history of gestational diabetes in previous pregnancies. Certain ethnic groups, including women of African, Hispanic, Native American, South Asian, East Asian, and Pacific Island descent, are also at higher risk. | Risk factors for developing gestational diabetes include advanced maternal age, family history of diabetes, overweight or obesity, previously giving birth to a baby over 9 pounds, and a history of gestational diabetes in previous pregnancies. Certain ethnic groups, including women of African, Hispanic, Native American, South Asian, East Asian, and Pacific Island descent, are also at higher risk. | ||
=== Diagnosis and Screening === | === Diagnosis and Screening === | ||
Screening for gestational diabetes is typically performed between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. The process involves an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), where the woman drinks a glucose-containing beverage and her blood glucose levels are measured at intervals thereafter. | Screening for gestational diabetes is typically performed between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. The process involves an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), where the woman drinks a glucose-containing beverage and her blood glucose levels are measured at intervals thereafter. | ||
=== Complications === | === Complications === | ||
Unmanaged gestational diabetes can lead to a number of complications. For the mother, these can include an increased likelihood of cesarean delivery and a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future. For the baby, risks include macrosomia (a high birth weight), hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) immediately after birth, jaundice, and a greater chance of developing obesity and type 2 diabetes later in life. | Unmanaged gestational diabetes can lead to a number of complications. For the mother, these can include an increased likelihood of cesarean delivery and a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future. For the baby, risks include macrosomia (a high birth weight), hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) immediately after birth, jaundice, and a greater chance of developing obesity and type 2 diabetes later in life. | ||
=== Management === | === Management === | ||
The primary management strategies for gestational diabetes include a balanced diet, regular exercise, blood glucose monitoring, and, if necessary, insulin therapy or oral hypoglycemic agents. | The primary management strategies for gestational diabetes include a balanced diet, regular exercise, blood glucose monitoring, and, if necessary, insulin therapy or oral hypoglycemic agents. | ||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
* [[Diabetes mellitus]] | * [[Diabetes mellitus]] | ||
* [[Pregnancy]] | * [[Pregnancy]] | ||
Latest revision as of 02:04, 7 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Gestational diabetes | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Hyperglycemia, increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue |
| Complications | Preeclampsia, macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, type 2 diabetes |
| Onset | During pregnancy |
| Duration | Temporary, resolves after delivery |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Insulin resistance |
| Risks | Obesity, family history of diabetes, advanced maternal age, polycystic ovary syndrome |
| Diagnosis | Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) |
| Differential diagnosis | Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes |
| Prevention | Healthy diet, exercise, maintaining a healthy weight |
| Treatment | Dietary management, insulin therapy, blood glucose monitoring |
| Medication | Insulin, metformin |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | 3-9% of pregnancies |
| Deaths | Rare, but can lead to complications if untreated |
Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy, typically developing in the second or third trimester. It is characterized by high blood glucose levels that can affect both mother and baby's health. While it usually resolves after childbirth, women who have had gestational diabetes are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
Etiology and Risk Factors[edit]
The exact cause of gestational diabetes remains unclear, but it is known to be associated with hormonal changes during pregnancy. These hormones impair the action of insulin, leading to insulin resistance and elevated blood glucose levels. Risk factors for developing gestational diabetes include advanced maternal age, family history of diabetes, overweight or obesity, previously giving birth to a baby over 9 pounds, and a history of gestational diabetes in previous pregnancies. Certain ethnic groups, including women of African, Hispanic, Native American, South Asian, East Asian, and Pacific Island descent, are also at higher risk.
Diagnosis and Screening[edit]
Screening for gestational diabetes is typically performed between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. The process involves an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), where the woman drinks a glucose-containing beverage and her blood glucose levels are measured at intervals thereafter.
Complications[edit]
Unmanaged gestational diabetes can lead to a number of complications. For the mother, these can include an increased likelihood of cesarean delivery and a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future. For the baby, risks include macrosomia (a high birth weight), hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) immediately after birth, jaundice, and a greater chance of developing obesity and type 2 diabetes later in life.
Management[edit]
The primary management strategies for gestational diabetes include a balanced diet, regular exercise, blood glucose monitoring, and, if necessary, insulin therapy or oral hypoglycemic agents.
See Also[edit]
| Diabetes | ||||||||||
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