Neonatal hypoglycemia

Neonatal hypoglycemia (pronounced: nee-oh-NAY-tuhl hye-poh-gly-SEE-mee-uh) is a condition that occurs in newborns, typically within the first few days of life, where the blood sugar level is significantly lower than the normal range.

Etymology

The term "neonatal hypoglycemia" is derived from three words: "neo" (new), "natal" (birth), and "hypoglycemia" (low blood sugar).

Definition

Neonatal hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level of less than 30 mg/dL in the first 24 hours of life and less than 45 mg/dL thereafter.

Causes

The causes of neonatal hypoglycemia can be divided into two categories: transient hypoglycemia and persistent hypoglycemia. Transient hypoglycemia is more common and usually resolves within a few days. Persistent hypoglycemia can be due to various underlying conditions such as hyperinsulinism, inborn errors of metabolism, and hormonal deficiencies.

Symptoms

Symptoms of neonatal hypoglycemia may include jitteriness, poor feeding, hypothermia, lethargy, and seizures.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of neonatal hypoglycemia involves blood tests to measure the baby's blood sugar level. Other tests may be done to determine the underlying cause if the hypoglycemia persists.

Treatment

Treatment for neonatal hypoglycemia typically involves giving the baby a glucose solution, either orally or through an intravenous line. In severe cases, medications may be needed to manage the condition.

Related Terms

• Hyperglycemia
• Hypoglycemia
• Glucose
• Blood sugar level
• Newborn screening

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Neonatal hypoglycemia
• Wikipedia's article - Neonatal hypoglycemia

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