Large for gestational age

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Large for gestational age
Synonyms	Macrosomia
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Birth weight above the 90th percentile for gestational age
Complications	Birth injury, Hypoglycemia, Respiratory distress syndrome
Onset	Prenatal
Duration	Neonatal
Types	N/A
Causes	Maternal diabetes, Genetic factors, Excessive maternal weight gain
Risks	Shoulder dystocia, Cesarean section, Postpartum hemorrhage
Diagnosis	Ultrasound, Fundal height measurement
Differential diagnosis	Normal birth weight, Small for gestational age
Prevention	Maternal diabetes management, Nutritional counseling
Treatment	Monitoring, Induction of labor, Cesarean delivery
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	5-10% of pregnancies
Deaths	N/A

Weight vs gestational Age

Large for gestational age (LGA) refers to a birth weight or length that significantly exceeds the average for babies of the same gestational age. The term is typically used when the estimated weight is above the 90th percentile for gestational age.

Definition

The definition of LGA varies depending on the specific growth chart used. However, it is generally defined as a weight, length, or head circumference that lies above the 90th percentile for that gestational age. This means that the baby is larger than 90% of all other babies of the same gestational age.

Causes

Several factors can contribute to a baby being LGA. These include gestational diabetes, genetic factors, and certain medical conditions. In some cases, the cause is unknown.

Gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes is a condition in which a woman without diabetes develops high blood sugar levels during pregnancy. This can result in the baby growing larger than usual.

Genetic factors

Certain genetic factors can also contribute to a baby being LGA. For example, if the parents are tall, the baby is more likely to be large for gestational age.

Medical conditions

Certain medical conditions, such as Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, can also result in a baby being LGA.

Complications

Babies who are LGA are at increased risk of certain complications, including birth injuries, hypoglycemia, and jaundice. They may also be at increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes later in life.

Management

Management of LGA may involve careful monitoring of the baby's growth and development, as well as management of any underlying conditions, such as gestational diabetes.

See also

• Small for gestational age
• Gestational age
• Birth weight
• Neonatology

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