Means–Lerman scratch: Difference between revisions
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Means–Lerman Scratch | |||
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{{ | The'''[[Means–Lerman scratch]]''' is a rare cardiac auscultatory phenomenon associated with hyperdynamic circulation, particularly in the context of [[thyrotoxicosis]]. It is characterized by a scratching or rasping sound heard during auscultation of the heart, typically over the precordium. | ||
==History== | |||
The Means–Lerman scratch was first described by J. H. Means and J. Lerman in the early 20th century. Their observations were based on patients with [[Graves' disease]], a common cause of thyrotoxicosis, who exhibited this unique auscultatory finding. | |||
==Pathophysiology== | |||
The exact mechanism of the Means–Lerman scratch is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to the increased cardiac output and hyperdynamic state seen in conditions like thyrotoxicosis. The sound is thought to be produced by the rubbing of the pericardial surfaces or the vibration of cardiac structures due to the increased force of cardiac contractions. | |||
==Clinical Significance== | |||
The presence of a Means–Lerman scratch can be an important clinical clue in diagnosing hyperthyroid conditions. It is, however, a rare finding and not commonly encountered in routine clinical practice. When present, it should prompt further investigation into the patient's thyroid function and overall cardiovascular status. | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
Diagnosis of the Means–Lerman scratch is primarily clinical, based on auscultation. It is important to differentiate it from other cardiac sounds such as [[pericardial friction rub]]s or [[murmur]]s. A thorough clinical examination and correlation with other signs and symptoms of thyrotoxicosis are essential. | |||
==Management== | |||
Management of the Means–Lerman scratch involves addressing the underlying cause of the hyperdynamic circulation. In cases of thyrotoxicosis, treatment may include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgical intervention. Once the underlying condition is controlled, the auscultatory finding typically resolves. | |||
==Also see== | |||
* [[Thyrotoxicosis]] | |||
* [[Graves' disease]] | |||
* [[Cardiac auscultation]] | |||
* [[Pericardial friction rub]] | |||
{{Cardiology}} | |||
{{Endocrinology}} | |||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | |||
[[Category:Endocrinology]] | |||
[[Category:Medical signs]] | |||
Latest revision as of 22:00, 11 December 2024
Means–Lerman Scratch
TheMeans–Lerman scratch is a rare cardiac auscultatory phenomenon associated with hyperdynamic circulation, particularly in the context of thyrotoxicosis. It is characterized by a scratching or rasping sound heard during auscultation of the heart, typically over the precordium.
History[edit]
The Means–Lerman scratch was first described by J. H. Means and J. Lerman in the early 20th century. Their observations were based on patients with Graves' disease, a common cause of thyrotoxicosis, who exhibited this unique auscultatory finding.
Pathophysiology[edit]
The exact mechanism of the Means–Lerman scratch is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to the increased cardiac output and hyperdynamic state seen in conditions like thyrotoxicosis. The sound is thought to be produced by the rubbing of the pericardial surfaces or the vibration of cardiac structures due to the increased force of cardiac contractions.
Clinical Significance[edit]
The presence of a Means–Lerman scratch can be an important clinical clue in diagnosing hyperthyroid conditions. It is, however, a rare finding and not commonly encountered in routine clinical practice. When present, it should prompt further investigation into the patient's thyroid function and overall cardiovascular status.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of the Means–Lerman scratch is primarily clinical, based on auscultation. It is important to differentiate it from other cardiac sounds such as pericardial friction rubs or murmurs. A thorough clinical examination and correlation with other signs and symptoms of thyrotoxicosis are essential.
Management[edit]
Management of the Means–Lerman scratch involves addressing the underlying cause of the hyperdynamic circulation. In cases of thyrotoxicosis, treatment may include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgical intervention. Once the underlying condition is controlled, the auscultatory finding typically resolves.
Also see[edit]
Cardiovascular disease A-Z
Most common cardiac diseases
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Cardiogenetic disorders
- Cardiomegaly
- Cardiomyopathy
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- Chronic rheumatic heart diseases
- Congenital heart defects
- Heart neoplasia
- Ischemic heart diseases
- Pericardial disorders
- Syndromes affecting the heart
- Valvular heart disease
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
A[edit]
- Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
- Acute decompensated heart failure
- Arteriosclerotic heart disease
- Athletic heart syndrome
- Atrial flutter
- Atrioventricular fistula
- Cardiovascular disease in Australia
- Autoimmune heart disease
B[edit]
C[edit]
- Ebb Cade
- Cardiac allograft vasculopathy
- Cardiac amyloidosis
- Cardiac asthma
- Cardiac tamponade
- Cardiogenic shock
- Cardiogeriatrics
- Cardiorenal syndrome
- Cardiotoxicity
- Carditis
- Coronary artery aneurysm
- Coronary artery anomaly
- Coronary artery disease
- Spontaneous coronary artery dissection
- Coronary artery ectasia
- Coronary occlusion
- Coronary steal
- Coronary thrombosis
- Coronary vasospasm
- Cœur en sabot
- Coxsackievirus-induced cardiomyopathy
D[edit]
E[edit]
H[edit]
- Heart attack
- Heart failure
- Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- Heart to Heart (1949 film)
- High-output heart failure
- Hyperdynamic precordium
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
I[edit]
- Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis
- Interventricular dyssynchrony
- Intraventricular dyssynchrony
- Isolated atrial amyloidosis
K[edit]
L[edit]
M[edit]
- Mydicar
- Myocardial bridge
- Myocardial disarray
- Myocardial rupture
- Myocardial scarring
- Myocardial stunning
- Myocarditis
N[edit]
O[edit]
P[edit]
- Papillary fibroelastoma
- Pathophysiology of heart failure
- Postpericardiotomy syndrome
- Pulmonary vein stenosis
R[edit]
S[edit]
- Saturated fat and cardiovascular disease
- SCAR-Fc
- Shone's syndrome
- Strain pattern
- Subacute bacterial endocarditis
- Sudden cardiac death of athletes
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
T[edit]
V[edit]
W[edit]
| Physiology of the endocrine system | ||||||||
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