Calcium metabolism
Calcium Metabolism
Calcium metabolism refers to the movement and regulation of calcium ions (Ca2+) in and out of various body compartments, such as the gastrointestinal tract, the blood, and bone, as well as its utilization within cells.
Pronunciation
Calcium: /ˈkalsɪəm/ Metabolism: /mɪˈtabəlɪz(ə)m/
Etymology
Calcium: From Latin calx meaning "lime" Metabolism: From Greek metabole meaning "change"
Overview
Calcium is essential for many physiological functions, including nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and blood clotting. The body maintains calcium homeostasis through the actions of several hormones, including parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and calcitonin.
Calcium Absorption and Excretion
Calcium is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract under the influence of vitamin D. The kidneys excrete calcium, but the amount excreted is regulated by PTH and vitamin D.
Calcium in Bone
Calcium is stored in the bone where it provides structural strength. Bone is constantly being remodeled, with old bone being resorbed and new bone being formed. This process is regulated by PTH and vitamin D.
Disorders of Calcium Metabolism
Disorders of calcium metabolism can lead to either too much calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia) or too little (hypocalcemia). These disorders can be caused by problems with the parathyroid glands, kidneys, or gastrointestinal tract.
Related Terms
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