Sporotrichosis: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
CSV import |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
Sporotrichosis is an [[infection]] with | {{SI}} | ||
[[File:Sporotrichosis by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii PHIL 3940 lores.jpg|alt=Sporotrichosis by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii|thumb|'''Sporotrichosis by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii''' ]] | {{Infobox medical condition | ||
| name = Sporotrichosis | |||
| image = [[File:Feline_sporotrichosis_4.jpg|left|thumb|A cat with sporotrichosis]] | |||
| caption = A cat with sporotrichosis | |||
| field = [[Infectious disease]] | |||
| synonyms = Rose gardener's disease | |||
| symptoms = [[Skin lesion]]s, [[ulcer]]s, [[lymph node]] swelling | |||
| complications = [[Disseminated infection]] | |||
| onset = 1 to 12 weeks after exposure | |||
| duration = Weeks to months | |||
| causes = ''[[Sporothrix schenckii]]'' complex | |||
| risks = Handling [[soil]], [[plants]], [[sphagnum moss]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Culture (microbiology)|Culture]], [[biopsy]] | |||
| differential = [[Cutaneous leishmaniasis]], [[mycobacterial infection]] | |||
| prevention = Protective clothing, avoiding exposure | |||
| treatment = [[Itraconazole]], [[amphotericin B]] | |||
| medication = [[Antifungal]]s | |||
| prognosis = Generally good with treatment | |||
| frequency = Common in [[tropical]] and [[subtropical]] areas | |||
}} | |||
Sporotrichosis is an [[infection]] with a [[fungus]] acquired through a [[skin]] wound; causes an [[ulcer]] at the site of [[infection]] and small, rounded masses of tissue near it. | |||
[[File:Sporotrichosis by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii PHIL 3940 lores.jpg|alt=Sporotrichosis by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii|left|thumb|'''Sporotrichosis by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii''' ]] | |||
== Pathophysiology == | == Pathophysiology == | ||
Sporotrichosis (also known as | Sporotrichosis (also known as “rose gardener’s disease”) is an infection caused by a fungus called [[Sporothrix]]. | ||
== Habitat == | == Habitat == | ||
This fungus lives throughout the world in soil and on plant matter such as [[sphagnum moss]], rose bushes, and hay. | This fungus lives throughout the world in soil and on plant matter such as [[sphagnum moss]], rose bushes, and hay. | ||
== Source of infection == | == Source of infection == | ||
People get sporotrichosis by coming in contact with the fungal spores in the environment. [[Cutaneous]] (skin) infection is the most common form of the infection. It occurs when the fungus enters the skin through a small cut or scrape, usually after someone touches contaminated plant matter. Skin on the hands or arms is most commonly affected. | People get sporotrichosis by coming in contact with the fungal spores in the environment. [[Cutaneous]] (skin) infection is the most common form of the infection. It occurs when the fungus enters the skin through a small cut or scrape, usually after someone touches contaminated plant matter. Skin on the hands or arms is most commonly affected. | ||
== Types of sporotrichosis == | == Types of sporotrichosis == | ||
Cutaneous (skin) sporotrichosis is the most common form of the infection. It usually occurs on a | Cutaneous (skin) sporotrichosis is the most common form of the infection. It usually occurs on a person’s hand or the arm after touching contaminated plant matter. | ||
[[Pulmonary]] (lung) sporotrichosis is rare but can happen after someone breathes in fungal spores from the environment. | [[Pulmonary]] (lung) sporotrichosis is rare but can happen after someone breathes in fungal spores from the environment. | ||
[[Disseminated]] sporotrichosis occurs when the infection spreads to another part of the body, such as bones, joints, or central nervous system. This form of sporotrichosis usually affects people with health problems or who take medicines that lower the | [[Disseminated]] sporotrichosis occurs when the infection spreads to another part of the body, such as bones, joints, or central nervous system. This form of sporotrichosis usually affects people with health problems or who take medicines that lower the body’s ability to fight germs and sickness, such as people living with HIV. | ||
== Other forms: Sporothrix brasiliensis== | == Other forms: Sporothrix brasiliensis== | ||
''Sporothrix brasiliensis'' is a fungus that is increasingly causing disease in cats and people in Brazil and parts of South America. | ''Sporothrix brasiliensis'' is a fungus that is increasingly causing disease in cats and people in Brazil and parts of South America. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
The symptoms of sporotrichosis depend on where the fungus is growing in the body. Contact your healthcare provider if you have symptoms that you think are related to sporotrichosis. | The symptoms of sporotrichosis depend on where the fungus is growing in the body. Contact your healthcare provider if you have symptoms that you think are related to sporotrichosis. | ||
Sporotrichosis usually affects the skin or tissues underneath the skin. The first symptom of cutaneous (skin) sporotrichosis is usually a small, painless [[bump]] that can develop any time from 1 to 12 weeks after exposure to the fungus. The bump can be red, pink, or purple, and usually appears on the finger, hand, or arm where the fungus has entered through a break in the skin. The bump will eventually grow larger and may look like an open sore or [[ulcer]] that is very slow to heal. Additional bumps or sores may appear later near the original one. | Sporotrichosis usually affects the skin or tissues underneath the skin. The first symptom of cutaneous (skin) sporotrichosis is usually a small, painless [[bump]] that can develop any time from 1 to 12 weeks after exposure to the fungus. The bump can be red, pink, or purple, and usually appears on the finger, hand, or arm where the fungus has entered through a break in the skin. The bump will eventually grow larger and may look like an open sore or [[ulcer]] that is very slow to heal. Additional bumps or sores may appear later near the original one. | ||
[[Pulmonary]] (lung) sporotrichosis is rare. Symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fever. | [[Pulmonary]] (lung) sporotrichosis is rare. Symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fever. | ||
Symptoms of disseminated sporotrichosis depend on the body part affected. For example, infection of the joints can cause joint pain that may be confused with [[rheumatoid arthritis]]. Infections of the central nervous system can involve difficulty thinking, headache, and [[seizures]]. | Symptoms of disseminated sporotrichosis depend on the body part affected. For example, infection of the joints can cause joint pain that may be confused with [[rheumatoid arthritis]]. Infections of the central nervous system can involve difficulty thinking, headache, and [[seizures]]. | ||
[[File:Conidiophores and conidia of the fungus Sporothrix schenckii PHIL 4208 lores.jpg|alt=Conidiophores and conidia of the fungus Sporothrix schenckii PHIL|thumb|Conidiophores and conidia of the fungus Sporothrix schenckii PHIL]] | [[File:Conidiophores and conidia of the fungus Sporothrix schenckii PHIL 4208 lores.jpg|alt=Conidiophores and conidia of the fungus Sporothrix schenckii PHIL|left|thumb|Conidiophores and conidia of the fungus Sporothrix schenckii PHIL]] | ||
== Risk & Prevention == | == Risk & Prevention == | ||
People who touch plant matter such as sphagnum moss, rose bushes, or hay are more likely to become infected. For example, sporotrichosis outbreaks have occurred among forestry workers, people who work in tree nurseries and garden centers, and people who handle hay bales. | People who touch plant matter such as sphagnum moss, rose bushes, or hay are more likely to become infected. For example, sporotrichosis outbreaks have occurred among forestry workers, people who work in tree nurseries and garden centers, and people who handle hay bales. | ||
The severe forms of sporotrichosis (those that affect the lungs, bones or joints, or central nervous system) usually affect people with weakened immune systems or other diseases including [[diabetes]], [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] (COPD), [[alcoholism]], or [[HIV]]. | The severe forms of sporotrichosis (those that affect the lungs, bones or joints, or central nervous system) usually affect people with weakened immune systems or other diseases including [[diabetes]], [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] (COPD), [[alcoholism]], or [[HIV]]. | ||
== Reduce risk == | == Reduce risk == | ||
You can lower the chance of getting sporotrichosis by wearing protective clothing such as gloves and long sleeves when touching plant matter that can cause minor cuts or scrapes. | You can lower the chance of getting sporotrichosis by wearing protective clothing such as gloves and long sleeves when touching plant matter that can cause minor cuts or scrapes. | ||
[[File:Medical diagnosis for the student and practitioner (1922) (14781603301).jpg|alt=Disseminated sporotrichosis|thumb|Disseminated sporotrichosis]] | [[File:Medical diagnosis for the student and practitioner (1922) (14781603301).jpg|alt=Disseminated sporotrichosis|left|thumb|Disseminated sporotrichosis]] | ||
In Brazil, people have gotten sporotrichosis from contact with cats. This form of sporotrichosis ([[Sporothrix brasiliensis]]) has not been found in the United States. Be careful with unfamiliar animals, particularly cats. Cat bites and scratches can spread the fungus that causes sporotrichosis, and other diseases. This fungus is most often spread by stray cats and pet cats that are allowed outdoors. Learn more about sporotrichosis from cats. | In Brazil, people have gotten sporotrichosis from contact with cats. This form of sporotrichosis ([[Sporothrix brasiliensis]]) has not been found in the United States. Be careful with unfamiliar animals, particularly cats. Cat bites and scratches can spread the fungus that causes sporotrichosis, and other diseases. This fungus is most often spread by stray cats and pet cats that are allowed outdoors. Learn more about sporotrichosis from cats. | ||
== Cause == | == Cause == | ||
[[Sporothrix]], the fungus that causes sporotrichosis, lives in the environment in soil and on plant matter such as sphagnum moss, rose bushes, hay, or wood. The microscopic fungus can enter the skin through small cuts or scrapes. In rare cases, breathing in the fungus can cause a pulmonary (lung) infection. The type of sporotrichosis found in North America is not contagious and | [[Sporothrix]], the fungus that causes sporotrichosis, lives in the environment in soil and on plant matter such as sphagnum moss, rose bushes, hay, or wood. The microscopic fungus can enter the skin through small cuts or scrapes. In rare cases, breathing in the fungus can cause a pulmonary (lung) infection. The type of sporotrichosis found in North America is not contagious and can’t spread from person to person. However, in South America, a type of sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis spreads through scratches or bites from animals, particularly cats. (This fungal illness is not cat-scratch disease, a bacterial illness spread by cats Рwhich occurs worldwide, wherever cats live.) | ||
<youtube> | <youtube> | ||
title='''{{PAGENAME}}''' | title='''{{PAGENAME}}''' | ||
| Line 53: | Line 59: | ||
height=600 | height=600 | ||
</youtube> | </youtube> | ||
== Diagnosis & Testing == | == Diagnosis & Testing == | ||
Your healthcare provider will take a small tissue sample ([[biopsy]]) of the infected area of the body for laboratory tests. The laboratory will usually perform a fungal culture to find out what is causing the infection. Blood tests can help diagnose severe sporotrichosis, but usually | Your healthcare provider will take a small tissue sample ([[biopsy]]) of the infected area of the body for laboratory tests. The laboratory will usually perform a fungal culture to find out what is causing the infection. Blood tests can help diagnose severe sporotrichosis, but usually can’t diagnose skin infections. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Most cases of sporotrichosis only involve the skin or the tissues underneath the skin. These infections are not life-threatening, but must be treated with prescription [[antifungal]] medicine for several months. The most common treatment for this type of sporotrichosis is [[itraconazole]], taken by mouth for 3 to 6 months. [[Supersaturated potassium iodide]] (SSKI) is another treatment option for skin sporotrichosis. SSKI and [[azole drugs]] like itraconazole should not be used if you are pregnant. | Most cases of sporotrichosis only involve the skin or the tissues underneath the skin. These infections are not life-threatening, but must be treated with prescription [[antifungal]] medicine for several months. The most common treatment for this type of sporotrichosis is [[itraconazole]], taken by mouth for 3 to 6 months. [[Supersaturated potassium iodide]] (SSKI) is another treatment option for skin sporotrichosis. SSKI and [[azole drugs]] like itraconazole should not be used if you are pregnant. | ||
If you have severe sporotrichosis that affects your lungs, bones, joints, or central nervous system, you’ll probably receive intravenous [[amphotericin B]] medicine, which is given through a vein. After the first treatment with amphotericin B, you may receive [[itraconazole]] by mouth, for a total of at least 1 year of antifungal treatment. People with sporotrichosis in the lungs may also need surgery to cut away the infected tissue. | |||
If you have severe sporotrichosis that affects your lungs, bones, joints, or central nervous system, | |||
==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
| Line 72: | Line 75: | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
{{Medical resources | {{Medical resources | ||
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|42||b|35}} | | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|42||b|35}} | ||
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|117.1}} | | ICD9 = {{ICD9|117.1}} | ||
| ICDO = | | ICDO = | ||
| OMIM = | | OMIM = | ||
| DiseasesDB = 29797 | | DiseasesDB = 29797 | ||
| MedlinePlus = 001338 | | MedlinePlus = 001338 | ||
| eMedicineSubj = med | | eMedicineSubj = med | ||
| eMedicineTopic = 2161 | | eMedicineTopic = 2161 | ||
| eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|derm|400}} | | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|derm|400}} | ||
| MeshID = D013174 | | MeshID = D013174 | ||
}} | }} | ||
* [http://www.healthinplainenglish.com/health/infectious_diseases/sporotrichosis/index.htm Sporotrichosis] by Health in Plain English (with pictures) | * [http://www.healthinplainenglish.com/health/infectious_diseases/sporotrichosis/index.htm Sporotrichosis] by Health in Plain English (with pictures) | ||
| Line 87: | Line 90: | ||
* [https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/sporotrichosis/index.html CDC] | * [https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/sporotrichosis/index.html CDC] | ||
{{Mycoses}} | {{Mycoses}} | ||
[[Category:Animal fungal diseases]] | [[Category:Animal fungal diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Bird diseases]] | [[Category:Bird diseases]] | ||
| Line 99: | Line 101: | ||
[[Category:Swine diseases]] | [[Category:Swine diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Zoonoses]] | [[Category:Zoonoses]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 19:52, 7 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Sporotrichosis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | Rose gardener's disease |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Skin lesions, ulcers, lymph node swelling |
| Complications | Disseminated infection |
| Onset | 1 to 12 weeks after exposure |
| Duration | Weeks to months |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Sporothrix schenckii complex |
| Risks | Handling soil, plants, sphagnum moss |
| Diagnosis | Culture, biopsy |
| Differential diagnosis | Cutaneous leishmaniasis, mycobacterial infection |
| Prevention | Protective clothing, avoiding exposure |
| Treatment | Itraconazole, amphotericin B |
| Medication | Antifungals |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment |
| Frequency | Common in tropical and subtropical areas |
| Deaths | N/A |
Sporotrichosis is an infection with a fungus acquired through a skin wound; causes an ulcer at the site of infection and small, rounded masses of tissue near it.
Pathophysiology[edit]
Sporotrichosis (also known as “rose gardener’s disease”) is an infection caused by a fungus called Sporothrix.
Habitat[edit]
This fungus lives throughout the world in soil and on plant matter such as sphagnum moss, rose bushes, and hay.
Source of infection[edit]
People get sporotrichosis by coming in contact with the fungal spores in the environment. Cutaneous (skin) infection is the most common form of the infection. It occurs when the fungus enters the skin through a small cut or scrape, usually after someone touches contaminated plant matter. Skin on the hands or arms is most commonly affected.
Types of sporotrichosis[edit]
Cutaneous (skin) sporotrichosis is the most common form of the infection. It usually occurs on a person’s hand or the arm after touching contaminated plant matter. Pulmonary (lung) sporotrichosis is rare but can happen after someone breathes in fungal spores from the environment. Disseminated sporotrichosis occurs when the infection spreads to another part of the body, such as bones, joints, or central nervous system. This form of sporotrichosis usually affects people with health problems or who take medicines that lower the body’s ability to fight germs and sickness, such as people living with HIV.
Other forms: Sporothrix brasiliensis[edit]
Sporothrix brasiliensis is a fungus that is increasingly causing disease in cats and people in Brazil and parts of South America.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of sporotrichosis depend on where the fungus is growing in the body. Contact your healthcare provider if you have symptoms that you think are related to sporotrichosis. Sporotrichosis usually affects the skin or tissues underneath the skin. The first symptom of cutaneous (skin) sporotrichosis is usually a small, painless bump that can develop any time from 1 to 12 weeks after exposure to the fungus. The bump can be red, pink, or purple, and usually appears on the finger, hand, or arm where the fungus has entered through a break in the skin. The bump will eventually grow larger and may look like an open sore or ulcer that is very slow to heal. Additional bumps or sores may appear later near the original one. Pulmonary (lung) sporotrichosis is rare. Symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fever. Symptoms of disseminated sporotrichosis depend on the body part affected. For example, infection of the joints can cause joint pain that may be confused with rheumatoid arthritis. Infections of the central nervous system can involve difficulty thinking, headache, and seizures.
Risk & Prevention[edit]
People who touch plant matter such as sphagnum moss, rose bushes, or hay are more likely to become infected. For example, sporotrichosis outbreaks have occurred among forestry workers, people who work in tree nurseries and garden centers, and people who handle hay bales. The severe forms of sporotrichosis (those that affect the lungs, bones or joints, or central nervous system) usually affect people with weakened immune systems or other diseases including diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), alcoholism, or HIV.
Reduce risk[edit]
You can lower the chance of getting sporotrichosis by wearing protective clothing such as gloves and long sleeves when touching plant matter that can cause minor cuts or scrapes.
_(14781603301).jpg)
In Brazil, people have gotten sporotrichosis from contact with cats. This form of sporotrichosis (Sporothrix brasiliensis) has not been found in the United States. Be careful with unfamiliar animals, particularly cats. Cat bites and scratches can spread the fungus that causes sporotrichosis, and other diseases. This fungus is most often spread by stray cats and pet cats that are allowed outdoors. Learn more about sporotrichosis from cats.
Cause[edit]
Sporothrix, the fungus that causes sporotrichosis, lives in the environment in soil and on plant matter such as sphagnum moss, rose bushes, hay, or wood. The microscopic fungus can enter the skin through small cuts or scrapes. In rare cases, breathing in the fungus can cause a pulmonary (lung) infection. The type of sporotrichosis found in North America is not contagious and can’t spread from person to person. However, in South America, a type of sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis spreads through scratches or bites from animals, particularly cats. (This fungal illness is not cat-scratch disease, a bacterial illness spread by cats Рwhich occurs worldwide, wherever cats live.)
Diagnosis & Testing[edit]
Your healthcare provider will take a small tissue sample (biopsy) of the infected area of the body for laboratory tests. The laboratory will usually perform a fungal culture to find out what is causing the infection. Blood tests can help diagnose severe sporotrichosis, but usually can’t diagnose skin infections.
Treatment[edit]
Most cases of sporotrichosis only involve the skin or the tissues underneath the skin. These infections are not life-threatening, but must be treated with prescription antifungal medicine for several months. The most common treatment for this type of sporotrichosis is itraconazole, taken by mouth for 3 to 6 months. Supersaturated potassium iodide (SSKI) is another treatment option for skin sporotrichosis. SSKI and azole drugs like itraconazole should not be used if you are pregnant. If you have severe sporotrichosis that affects your lungs, bones, joints, or central nervous system, you’ll probably receive intravenous amphotericin B medicine, which is given through a vein. After the first treatment with amphotericin B, you may receive itraconazole by mouth, for a total of at least 1 year of antifungal treatment. People with sporotrichosis in the lungs may also need surgery to cut away the infected tissue.
Gallery[edit]
-
Buffalo medical journal (1913) (14763713382) -
Buffalo medical journal (1913) (14577583107) -
Sporothrix schenckii PHIL 3943 lores -
Buffalo medical journal (1913) (14741044226) -
The British journal of dermatology (1888) (14787067013) -
The British journal of dermatology (1888) (14584638947) -
The British journal of dermatology (1888) (14767197045)
_(14763713382).jpg)
_(14577583107).jpg)
_(14741044226).jpg)
_(14787067013).jpg)
_(14584638947).jpg){kind=small}
_(14767197045).jpg)
- Sporotrichosis by Health in Plain English (with pictures)
- Sporotrichosis by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- CDC
