Mitral valve annuloplasty

Mitral Valve Annuloplasty

Annuloplasty rings used in mitral valve repair

Mitral valve annuloplasty is a surgical procedure aimed at repairing the mitral valve of the heart. This procedure is primarily used to treat mitral valve regurgitation, a condition where the valve does not close properly, allowing blood to flow backward into the left atrium. Annuloplasty involves the use of a ring to reshape and stabilize the valve's annulus, which is the ring-like structure that supports the valve leaflets.

Anatomy of the Mitral Valve

The mitral valve is one of the four valves in the human heart. It is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. The valve consists of two leaflets, the anterior and posterior leaflets, which open and close to regulate blood flow. The annulus is a fibrous ring that provides structural support to the valve.

Indications for Mitral Valve Annuloplasty

Mitral valve annuloplasty is indicated in patients with:

• Mitral valve regurgitation
• Mitral valve prolapse
• Ischemic heart disease affecting the mitral valve
• Congenital heart defects involving the mitral valve

Procedure

During mitral valve annuloplasty, a surgeon will access the heart through a thoracotomy or a sternotomy. The procedure involves:

1. Exposure of the Mitral Valve: The heart is accessed, and the mitral valve is exposed. 2. Sizing the Annuloplasty Ring: A suitable annuloplasty ring is selected based on the size of the patient's valve. 3. Suturing the Ring: The ring is sutured to the annulus of the mitral valve to provide support and restore the valve's normal shape. 4. Testing Valve Function: The valve is tested to ensure proper closure and function.

Types of Annuloplasty Rings

There are several types of annuloplasty rings used in mitral valve repair:

• Rigid Rings: Provide strong support and are used in cases where significant structural support is needed.
• Flexible Rings: Allow for some natural movement of the valve and are used in cases where flexibility is desired.
• Semi-rigid Rings: Offer a balance between rigidity and flexibility.

Outcomes and Prognosis

Mitral valve annuloplasty is generally associated with good outcomes. It can significantly reduce symptoms of mitral valve regurgitation and improve cardiac function. The choice of ring and surgical technique can influence the long-term success of the procedure.

Related Pages

• Mitral valve replacement
• Heart valve surgery
• Cardiac surgery
• Valvular heart disease

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