Median sternotomy

Median sternotomy is a type of surgical procedure that involves a vertical inline incision along the sternum, after which the sternum itself is divided, or "cracked". This procedure provides access to the heart and lungs for surgical procedures such as heart transplant, corrective surgery for congenital heart defects, or bypass surgery.

Procedure

The patient is placed in the supine position on the operating table, and the chest is prepared for the operation. The surgeon makes an incision along the midline of the sternum and then uses a bone cutter or a special sternal saw to cut the sternum vertically. This allows the surgeon to open the rib cage and access the heart and lungs.

Risks and Complications

As with any major surgery, median sternotomy carries potential risks and complications. These may include infection, bleeding, injury to the heart or lungs, pneumonia, and thrombosis. There is also the risk of the sternum not healing properly, which is known as sternal dehiscence.

Recovery

Recovery from a median sternotomy can take several weeks. The patient may need to wear a special brace to support the sternum as it heals. Pain is usually managed with medication. Physical therapy may also be recommended to help regain strength and mobility.

See Also

• Cardiothoracic surgery
• Thoracotomy
• Heart surgery

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