Clostridium difficile infection
Clostridium difficile infection
Clostridium difficile infection (klo-STRID-ee-um dif-uh-SEEL, abbreviated as CDI) is a symptomatic infection due to the spore-forming bacterium, Clostridium difficile.
Etymology
The name Clostridium difficile is derived from the Greek word "kloster" meaning spindle, and the Latin word "difficile" meaning difficult. This is due to the bacterium's spindle-like shape and the difficulty that was initially experienced in isolating it.
Symptoms
Symptoms of Clostridium difficile infection can range from mild diarrhea to severe inflammation of the colon (known as colitis). Other symptoms may include fever, loss of appetite, nausea, and abdominal pain or tenderness.
Causes
Clostridium difficile infection is typically caused by the use of antibiotic therapy, which can disrupt the normal balance of bacteria in the gut, allowing C. difficile to flourish. The bacterium produces toxins that can damage the lining of the gut and cause inflammation.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection is typically made by testing a sample of stool for the presence of C. difficile toxins. Other tests may include a colonoscopy or imaging studies such as a CT scan.
Treatment
Treatment for Clostridium difficile infection typically involves stopping the antibiotic that caused the infection, if possible, and starting a course of antibiotics that are effective against C. difficile. In severe cases, surgery may be required to remove the affected part of the colon.
Prevention
Prevention of Clostridium difficile infection involves careful use of antibiotics, thorough hand hygiene, and cleaning of the environment with products that can kill C. difficile spores.
See also
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