Central venous pressure

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Central Venous Pressure

Vascular function curve illustrating the relationship between venous return and central venous pressure.

Central venous pressure (CVP) is a critical physiological parameter that reflects the pressure in the thoracic vena cava near the right atrium of the heart. It is an important indicator of the blood volume and venous return to the heart, and it is used to assess the hemodynamic status of patients, particularly in critical care settings.

Physiology

CVP is determined by the balance between the volume of blood returning to the heart and the heart's ability to pump the blood into the arterial system. It is influenced by several factors, including:

The normal range for CVP is typically between 2 and 8 mmHg. However, this can vary depending on the patient's position and clinical condition.

Measurement

CVP is commonly measured using a central venous catheter inserted into a large vein, such as the internal jugular vein or subclavian vein. The catheter is advanced until its tip is located in the superior vena cava, just above the right atrium. The pressure is then measured using a manometer or a pressure transducer.

Clinical Significance

CVP is used to guide fluid management in patients with shock, heart failure, and other conditions affecting the cardiovascular system. It helps in assessing the patient's volume status and the effectiveness of fluid resuscitation.

High CVP

Elevated CVP can indicate:

Low CVP

Low CVP may suggest:

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD