Cardiovascular disease: Difference between revisions

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{{SI}}
{{Infobox medical condition
| name            = Cardiovascular disease
| image          = [[File:Cardiac_amyloidosis_very_high_mag_movat.jpg|250px]]
| caption        = Micrograph showing cardiac amyloidosis, a type of cardiovascular disease. Movat's stain.
| field          = [[Cardiology]]
| symptoms        = [[Chest pain]], [[shortness of breath]], [[fatigue]], [[palpitations]]
| complications  = [[Heart failure]], [[stroke]], [[myocardial infarction]], [[sudden cardiac death]]
| onset          = Varies by condition
| duration        = Long-term
| causes          = [[Atherosclerosis]], [[hypertension]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[smoking]], [[obesity]]
| risks          = [[Age]], [[family history]], [[high blood pressure]], [[high cholesterol]], [[sedentary lifestyle]]
| diagnosis      = [[Electrocardiogram]], [[echocardiogram]], [[stress test]], [[coronary angiography]]
| treatment      = [[Lifestyle changes]], [[medications]], [[surgery]], [[angioplasty]]
| medication      = [[Statins]], [[beta blockers]], [[ACE inhibitors]], [[antiplatelet drugs]]
| frequency      = Common
| deaths          = Leading cause of death worldwide
}}
'''Cardiovascular disease''' (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the [[heart]] or [[blood vessels]]. CVD includes [[coronary artery disease]] (CAD), such as [[angina]] and [[myocardial infarction]] (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs include [[stroke]], [[heart failure]], [[hypertensive heart disease]], [[rheumatic heart disease]], [[cardiomyopathy]], [[heart arrhythmia]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[valvular heart disease]], [[carditis]], [[aortic aneurysms]], [[peripheral artery disease]], [[thromboembolic disease]], and [[venous thrombosis]].
'''Cardiovascular disease''' (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the [[heart]] or [[blood vessels]]. CVD includes [[coronary artery disease]] (CAD), such as [[angina]] and [[myocardial infarction]] (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs include [[stroke]], [[heart failure]], [[hypertensive heart disease]], [[rheumatic heart disease]], [[cardiomyopathy]], [[heart arrhythmia]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[valvular heart disease]], [[carditis]], [[aortic aneurysms]], [[peripheral artery disease]], [[thromboembolic disease]], and [[venous thrombosis]].
==Types==
==Types==
The most common type of cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, is caused by [[atherosclerosis]] — a build-up of fatty material and plaque in the walls of the arteries. This build-up narrows the arteries, making it harder for blood to flow through. If a blood clot forms, it can stop the blood flow, leading to a heart attack or stroke.
The most common type of cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, is caused by [[atherosclerosis]] — a build-up of fatty material and plaque in the walls of the arteries. This build-up narrows the arteries, making it harder for blood to flow through. If a blood clot forms, it can stop the blood flow, leading to a heart attack or stroke.
 
==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
There are many [[risk factors]] associated with cardiovascular disease. Some of these include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption. Age, sex, and family history are also important risk factors.
There are many [[risk factors]] associated with cardiovascular disease. Some of these include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption. Age, sex, and family history are also important risk factors.
==Prevention==
==Prevention==
Prevention of cardiovascular disease involves improving risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Medications and therapy can also be used to manage cardiovascular disease, but they are typically not as effective as lifestyle changes.
Prevention of cardiovascular disease involves improving risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Medications and therapy can also be used to manage cardiovascular disease, but they are typically not as effective as lifestyle changes.
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
Treatment for cardiovascular disease typically involves lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise, as well as medications to control risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes. In some cases, procedures such as [[coronary angioplasty]] or [[coronary artery bypass surgery]] may be necessary.
Treatment for cardiovascular disease typically involves lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise, as well as medications to control risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes. In some cases, procedures such as [[coronary angioplasty]] or [[coronary artery bypass surgery]] may be necessary.
 
==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Cardiac_amyloidosis_very_high_mag_movat.jpg|Cardiac amyloidosis under very high magnification with Movat's stain
File:Inflammatory_heart_diseases_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2004.svg|World map of inflammatory heart diseases by DALY, WHO 2004
File:Calcified_Heart.jpg|Calcified heart
File:Cardiovascular_calcification_-_Sergio_Bertazzo.tif|Cardiovascular calcification by Sergio Bertazzo
File:CC-BY_icon.svg|Cardiovascular disease
File:Cardiovascular_diseases_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg|World map of cardiovascular diseases deaths per million persons, WHO 2012
File:Cardiovascular_diseases_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2004.svg|World map of cardiovascular diseases by DALY, WHO 2004
</gallery>
==See Also==
==See Also==
* [[Heart disease]]
* [[Heart disease]]
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* [[Stroke]]
* [[Stroke]]
* [[Hypertension]]
* [[Hypertension]]
[[Category:Cardiovascular diseases]]
[[Category:Cardiovascular diseases]]
[[Category:Health]]
[[Category:Health]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
{{Medicine-stub}}
{{Medicine-stub}}
{{Cardiology}}
{{Cardiology}}
<gallery>
File:Cardiac_amyloidosis_very_high_mag_movat.jpg|Cardiac amyloidosis under very high magnification with Movat's stain
File:Inflammatory_heart_diseases_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2004.svg|World map of inflammatory heart diseases by DALY, WHO 2004
File:Calcified_Heart.jpg|Calcified heart
File:Cardiovascular_calcification_-_Sergio_Bertazzo.tif|Cardiovascular calcification by Sergio Bertazzo
File:CC-BY_icon.svg|Cardiovascular disease
File:Cardiovascular_diseases_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg|World map of cardiovascular diseases deaths per million persons, WHO 2012
File:Cardiovascular_diseases_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2004.svg|World map of cardiovascular diseases by DALY, WHO 2004
</gallery>

Latest revision as of 21:34, 4 April 2025

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC

Cardiovascular disease
Synonyms N/A
Pronounce N/A
Specialty N/A
Symptoms Chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, palpitations
Complications Heart failure, stroke, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death
Onset Varies by condition
Duration Long-term
Types N/A
Causes Atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, obesity
Risks Age, family history, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, sedentary lifestyle
Diagnosis Electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, stress test, coronary angiography
Differential diagnosis N/A
Prevention N/A
Treatment Lifestyle changes, medications, surgery, angioplasty
Medication Statins, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, antiplatelet drugs
Prognosis N/A
Frequency Common
Deaths Leading cause of death worldwide


Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. CVD includes coronary artery disease (CAD), such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs include stroke, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart arrhythmia, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, carditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease, thromboembolic disease, and venous thrombosis.

Types[edit]

The most common type of cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, is caused by atherosclerosis — a build-up of fatty material and plaque in the walls of the arteries. This build-up narrows the arteries, making it harder for blood to flow through. If a blood clot forms, it can stop the blood flow, leading to a heart attack or stroke.

Risk Factors[edit]

There are many risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Some of these include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption. Age, sex, and family history are also important risk factors.

Prevention[edit]

Prevention of cardiovascular disease involves improving risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Medications and therapy can also be used to manage cardiovascular disease, but they are typically not as effective as lifestyle changes.

Treatment[edit]

Treatment for cardiovascular disease typically involves lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise, as well as medications to control risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes. In some cases, procedures such as coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery may be necessary.

Gallery[edit]

  • Cardiac amyloidosis under very high magnification with Movat's stain
    Cardiac amyloidosis under very high magnification with Movat's stain
  • World map of inflammatory heart diseases by DALY, WHO 2004
    World map of inflammatory heart diseases by DALY, WHO 2004
  • Calcified heart
    Calcified heart
  • Cardiovascular calcification by Sergio Bertazzo
    Cardiovascular calcification by Sergio Bertazzo
  • Cardiovascular disease
    Cardiovascular disease
  • World map of cardiovascular diseases deaths per million persons, WHO 2012
    World map of cardiovascular diseases deaths per million persons, WHO 2012
  • World map of cardiovascular diseases by DALY, WHO 2004
    World map of cardiovascular diseases by DALY, WHO 2004

See Also[edit]

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Cardiovascular disease A-Z

Most common cardiac diseases

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