Photokeratitis

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Photokeratitis
Inuit snow goggles
Synonyms	Snow blindness, arc eye, welder's flash
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Eye pain, redness, tearing, blurred vision, photophobia
Complications	Corneal ulcer, infection
Onset	Within hours of exposure
Duration	24 to 48 hours
Types	N/A
Causes	Ultraviolet (UV) light exposure
Risks	Sunlight reflection from snow, water, sand, or welding
Diagnosis	Based on history and physical examination
Differential diagnosis	Conjunctivitis, dry eye syndrome, corneal abrasion
Prevention	UV protection with sunglasses, goggles, or face shields
Treatment	Lubricating eye drops, pain relief, antibiotic ointment
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Good with proper care
Frequency	Common in high UV exposure environments
Deaths	N/A

Polar bear cub wearing sunglasses to protect against photokeratitis

Photokeratitis is a painful eye condition caused by exposure of insufficiently protected eyes to the ultraviolet (UV) rays from either natural (e.g. intense sunlight) or artificial (e.g. the electric arc during welding) sources. Photokeratitis is akin to a sunburn of the cornea and conjunctiva, and is not usually noticed until several hours after exposure. Symptoms include increased tears and a feeling of pain, likened to having sand in the eyes.

Causes

The principal sources causing photokeratitis are the ultraviolet rays from the sun, reflection of the sun from snow and ice, and exposure to the UV rays from artificial sources like the electric arc used in welding.

Symptoms

The symptoms of photokeratitis can be uncomfortable and distressing. They include:

• A sensation of having sand in the eyes
• Pain in the eyes
• Redness
• Blurry vision
• Sensitivity to light
• Swelling around the eyes
• Temporary vision loss or color changes in vision

Prevention

Prevention of photokeratitis primarily involves protection of the eyes from UV light by wearing sunglasses that block 99–100% of UV rays, and a hat to block indirect sunlight. For snow sports, well-fitted wrap-around sunglasses or goggles are essential to block sunlight from snow and ice. Welders can prevent photokeratitis by using proper eye protection with the appropriate filters.

Treatment

Treatment for photokeratitis is primarily supportive. This can include:

• Avoiding further exposure to the sun or bright light
• Using artificial tears or lubricating ointments
• Taking pain relievers
• Using a cool, wet compress on the eyes

See also

• Snow blindness
• Ultraviolet keratitis
• Welder's flash

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