Sexually

Transmitted Infections (STIs).

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are infections that are commonly spread by sexual activity, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex and oral sex. STIs can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites.

Types of STIs

There are more than 20 types of STIs. Some of the most common include:

• Chlamydia: A bacterial infection that affects both men and women. It can cause serious, permanent damage to a woman's reproductive system.
• Gonorrhea: A bacterial infection that can affect the genitals, rectum, and throat. It is most commonly spread during sex.
• Syphilis: A bacterial infection that can cause long-term complications if not treated correctly. It is spread by direct contact with a syphilis sore during vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
• Human Papillomavirus (HPV): The most common STI. It can cause health problems including genital warts and cancers.
• Herpes: A viral infection that typically affects the mouth and genitals. It is spread through skin-to-skin contact with an infected person.
• HIV/AIDS: A viral infection that attacks the immune system. It is spread through contact with certain body fluids of an infected person.

Prevention

Prevention methods for STIs include using condoms during sex, getting vaccinated, getting regular STI tests, and practicing sexual abstinence or having a mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and is known to be uninfected.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the type of STI. Some can be treated and cured with antibiotics, while others require lifelong management. Early detection through regular testing is key to effective treatment and preventing transmission to others.

See Also

• Sexual health
• Contraception
• Public health