Profenofos
0Profenofos is an organophosphate insecticide that is primarily used in the control of insects and mites on a variety of crops. It is a non-systemic insecticide and acaricide with contact and stomach action, and slight residual effect.
Chemical Properties
Profenofos is a yellow to brown liquid with a mild mercaptan odor. It has a molecular formula of C11H15BrClO3PS and a molecular weight of 373.63 g/mol. It is slightly soluble in water and readily soluble in most organic solvents. Profenofos is stable under normal storage conditions, but it is not stable in alkaline conditions.
Mode of Action
Profenofos acts by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that is essential for normal transmission of nerve impulses. Inhibition of this enzyme leads to an accumulation of acetylcholine, causing continuous stimulation of the muscles and glands, which can result in death of the insect or mite.
Uses
Profenofos is used to control a wide range of insects and mites on crops such as cotton, corn, soybeans, potatoes, and vegetables. It is effective against a variety of pests, including aphids, thrips, whiteflies, and caterpillars.
Toxicity
Profenofos is moderately toxic to mammals. It can cause cholinergic symptoms in humans, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, headache, dizziness, and excessive salivation. It is also toxic to birds, fish, and bees.
Environmental Impact
Profenofos can contaminate water bodies through runoff and leaching. It is highly toxic to aquatic organisms and can cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. It is also harmful to non-target organisms in the environment.
Regulation
In many countries, the use of profenofos is regulated due to its potential risks to human health and the environment. In the United States, it is classified as a Restricted Use Pesticide (RUP) by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
See Also
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| Organophosphates | ||||||||
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
