Nerve agents
Nerve Agents
Nerve agents (pronunciation: /nɜːrv ˈeɪdʒənts/) are a class of organic chemicals that disrupt the mechanisms by which nerves transfer messages to organs. The disruption is caused by the blocking of acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter.
Etymology
The term "nerve agent" is derived from their effect on the nervous system. The word "nerve" comes from the Latin nervus meaning "sinew, tendon, nerve", while "agent" comes from the Latin agens meaning "a doer, driver, performer".
Types of Nerve Agents
There are several types of nerve agents, all of which are organophosphorus compounds. These include:
Effects
Nerve agents are highly toxic and can cause death within minutes. Symptoms of exposure include convulsions, paralysis, respiratory failure, and in severe cases, death.
Treatment
Treatment for nerve agent exposure includes immediate administration of an antidote, typically atropine and pralidoxime. These drugs work by blocking the action of the nerve agent on the nervous system.
Prevention
Prevention of nerve agent exposure is primarily through the use of protective clothing and masks. In the event of a suspected nerve agent attack, immediate evacuation and decontamination are recommended.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Nerve agents
- Wikipedia's article - Nerve agents
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