Genome project
Genome Project
The Genome Project (pronunciation: /ˈdʒiːnoʊm ˈprɒdʒɪkt/) is a scientific research project aimed at mapping and understanding all the genes (Genes) of an organism. The term "genome" comes from the Greek words for "gene" and "something that is used to describe", indicating the comprehensive nature of these projects.
Etymology
The term "Genome Project" is derived from the words "gene" and "ome". The word "gene" is derived from the Greek word "genos" meaning "race, kind", while "ome" is a suffix in biology denoting a complete set or system. Thus, a Genome Project refers to a complete set or system of genes.
Related Terms
- Genomics: The study of genomes, including the mapping, sequencing, and analysis of an organism's complete set of DNA.
- Genetic Mapping: The process of determining the location of genes on a chromosome.
- DNA Sequencing: The process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule.
- Bioinformatics: The application of computer technology to the management of biological information, often used in genome projects to analyze and interpret the data.
- Functional Genomics: The field of genomics that attempts to describe gene (and protein) functions and interactions.
Genome Projects
The first Genome Project, the Human Genome Project, was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the sequence of nucleotide base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying and mapping all of the genes of the human genome. Since then, numerous other genome projects have been initiated to sequence the genomes of other species, including the Mouse Genome Project, the Rat Genome Project, and the Fruit Fly Genome Project, among others.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Genome project
- Wikipedia's article - Genome project
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