Comparative genomics
Comparative genomics
Comparative genomics is a field of biological research in which the genomic features of different organisms are compared. The genomic features may include the DNA sequence, genes, gene order, regulatory sequences, and other genomic structural landmarks. In this branch of genomics, the genome sequences of different species - human, mouse, and a wide variety of other organisms - are compared to study the function of genes and noncoding regions of the genome.
Pronunciation: /kəmˈparədiv jəˈnōmiks/
Etymology: The term is derived from the English words "comparative", meaning involving comparison, and "genomics", the study of genomes.
Related terms
- Genome: The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.
- Gene: A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
- DNA sequence: The process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule.
- Regulatory sequences: A segment of DNA where regulatory proteins such as transcription factors bind preferentially.
- Genomic structural landmarks: Specific regions in the genome that serve as reference points for genomic mapping.
Applications
Comparative genomics has led to discoveries of numerous new genes, regulatory sequences, and other genomic features that do not code for proteins. It has also provided a better understanding of the processes of evolution and the genetic basis of disease.
See also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Comparative genomics
- Wikipedia's article - Comparative genomics
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