Behaviorism
Behaviorism
Behaviorism (pronounced: /bɪˈheɪvjərɪzəm/), also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning.
Etymology
The term "behaviorism" is derived from the English word "behavior," which is a translation of the German word "Verhalten," meaning "the way in which one acts." The "-ism" suffix indicates a practice, system, or doctrine.
Theory
According to behaviorism, behavior can be studied in a systematic and observable manner with no consideration of internal mental states. This school of thought suggests that only observable behaviors should be considered, since internal states such as cognitions, emotions and moods are too subjective.
Types of Behaviorism
There are two main types of behaviorism: Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning. Classical conditioning involves learning by pairing a naturally occurring stimulus with a previously neutral stimulus. Operant conditioning, on the other hand, involves learning through the consequences of behavioral responses.
Key Figures
Key figures in the development of behaviorism include Ivan Pavlov, who discovered the concept of classical conditioning, and B.F. Skinner, who proposed the theory of operant conditioning.
Related Terms
- Stimulus: Any object or event that elicits a sensory or behavioral response in an organism.
- Response: A reaction by an organism to a stimulus.
- Reinforcement: In operant conditioning, a reinforcement is any event that strengthens or increases the behavior it follows.
- Punishment: An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Behaviorism
- Wikipedia's article - Behaviorism
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