Classical conditioning
Classical conditioning
Classical conditioning (pronunciation: /ˈklæsɪkəl kənˈdɪʃənɪŋ/), also known as Pavlovian conditioning or respondent conditioning, is a type of learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus. It was first studied in detail by Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, hence the alternative name.
Etymology
The term "classical conditioning" is derived from the fact that it represents a "classic" or fundamental form of psychological conditioning. The term "Pavlovian conditioning" is in honor of Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist who first described this phenomenon.
Definition
Classical conditioning involves pairing a previously neutral stimulus (such as the sound of a bell) with an unconditioned stimulus (such as the taste of food). This unconditioned stimulus naturally and automatically triggers salivating as a response to the food, which is known as the unconditioned response. After associating the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus, the sound of the bell alone will start to evoke salivating as a response. This is now called the conditioned response.
Related Terms
- Unconditioned Stimulus: In classical conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus is one that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response. For example, when you smell one of your favorite foods, you may immediately feel very hungry. In this example, the smell of the food is the unconditioned stimulus.
- Conditioned Stimulus: A previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response.
- Unconditioned Response: The unconditioned response is the unlearned response that occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned stimulus.
- Conditioned Response: The learned response to the previously neutral stimulus.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Classical conditioning
- Wikipedia's article - Classical conditioning
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