Mitral valve prolapse: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Mitral valve prolapse | |||
| image = [[File:Heart_mitral_valve_prolapse.svg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Diagram of a heart with mitral valve prolapse | |||
| field = [[Cardiology]] | |||
| synonyms = Barlow's syndrome, floppy valve syndrome | |||
| symptoms = [[Palpitations]], [[chest pain]], [[fatigue (medical)|fatigue]], [[dizziness]] | |||
| complications = [[Mitral regurgitation]], [[infective endocarditis]], [[arrhythmia]] | |||
| onset = Usually diagnosed in [[adulthood]] | |||
| duration = Long-term | |||
| causes = [[Genetic]] factors, [[connective tissue disorder]]s | |||
| risks = [[Family history]], [[Marfan syndrome]], [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Echocardiography]], [[physical examination]] | |||
| differential = [[Mitral regurgitation]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[anxiety disorder]] | |||
| treatment = [[Beta blocker]]s, [[surgery]] for severe cases | |||
| medication = [[Beta blocker]]s | |||
| frequency = 2-3% of the population | |||
| deaths = Rarely directly causes death | |||
}} | |||
= Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) = | = Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) = | ||
'''Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)''' is a common cardiac condition where the [[mitral valve]], one of the heart's four valves, fails to close properly. This malfunction allows [[blood]] to leak backward into the left atrium from the left ventricle, a process known as regurgitation. MVP is often characterized by a distinctive [[heart murmur]], which can be identified during a physical examination. While many individuals with MVP do not experience symptoms, some may encounter chest pain, palpitations, and disturbed [[heart rhythm]]. | '''Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)''' is a common cardiac condition where the [[mitral valve]], one of the heart's four valves, fails to close properly. This malfunction allows [[blood]] to leak backward into the left atrium from the left ventricle, a process known as regurgitation. MVP is often characterized by a distinctive [[heart murmur]], which can be identified during a physical examination. While many individuals with MVP do not experience symptoms, some may encounter chest pain, palpitations, and disturbed [[heart rhythm]]. | ||
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== Anatomy of the Mitral Valve == | == Anatomy of the Mitral Valve == | ||
The mitral valve plays a crucial role in the heart's function by ensuring unidirectional blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. It comprises two leaflets (or cusps) that open and close with each heartbeat. In MVP, these leaflets bulge (prolapse) into the left atrium during systole (the heart's contraction phase). | The mitral valve plays a crucial role in the heart's function by ensuring unidirectional blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. It comprises two leaflets (or cusps) that open and close with each heartbeat. In MVP, these leaflets bulge (prolapse) into the left atrium during systole (the heart's contraction phase). | ||
[[File:Mitral Valve Prolapse.png|left|thumb|Anatomical diagram of the heart highlighting the mitral valve.]] | |||
[[File:Mitral Valve Prolapse.png|thumb|Anatomical diagram of the heart highlighting the mitral valve.]] | |||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
MVP can be caused by a variety of factors, including congenital heart defects, age-related changes, and connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome. The exact cause is often idiopathic, meaning it arises spontaneously without a known reason. | MVP can be caused by a variety of factors, including congenital heart defects, age-related changes, and connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome. The exact cause is often idiopathic, meaning it arises spontaneously without a known reason. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
While many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic, symptoms can include: | While many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic, symptoms can include: | ||
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* Light-headedness | * Light-headedness | ||
* Dizziness | * Dizziness | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis of MVP typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests including: | Diagnosis of MVP typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests including: | ||
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* Electrocardiogram (ECG): To detect any disturbances in heart rhythm. | * Electrocardiogram (ECG): To detect any disturbances in heart rhythm. | ||
* Chest X-ray: To view the heart's shape and size. | * Chest X-ray: To view the heart's shape and size. | ||
[[File:Mitralinsuff TEE leg.jpg|left|thumb|Echocardiogram showing mitral valve prolapse.]] | |||
[[File:Mitralinsuff TEE leg.jpg|thumb|Echocardiogram showing mitral valve prolapse.]] | |||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment for MVP depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of symptoms. Most individuals with mild MVP do not require treatment, but monitoring is essential to detect any changes over time. For symptomatic patients or those with significant mitral regurgitation, treatment options may include: | Treatment for MVP depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of symptoms. Most individuals with mild MVP do not require treatment, but monitoring is essential to detect any changes over time. For symptomatic patients or those with significant mitral regurgitation, treatment options may include: | ||
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* Mitral valve repair or replacement in severe cases | * Mitral valve repair or replacement in severe cases | ||
* Lifestyle changes and avoidance of stimulants like caffeine and tobacco | * Lifestyle changes and avoidance of stimulants like caffeine and tobacco | ||
== Lifestyle and Management == | == Lifestyle and Management == | ||
Individuals with MVP should engage in regular follow-up care, including echocardiograms to monitor the condition's progression. Healthy lifestyle choices, such as regular exercise and a balanced diet, are recommended to maintain cardiovascular health. | Individuals with MVP should engage in regular follow-up care, including echocardiograms to monitor the condition's progression. Healthy lifestyle choices, such as regular exercise and a balanced diet, are recommended to maintain cardiovascular health. | ||
== Implications == | == Implications == | ||
Although MVP is generally not life-threatening, it can increase the risk of mitral regurgitation, infective endocarditis, and, in rare cases, cardiac arrhythmias. Proper management and regular monitoring can mitigate these risks. | Although MVP is generally not life-threatening, it can increase the risk of mitral regurgitation, infective endocarditis, and, in rare cases, cardiac arrhythmias. Proper management and regular monitoring can mitigate these risks. | ||
== External Links == | == External Links == | ||
* [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-prolapse/symptoms-causes/syc-20355446 Mayo Clinic - Mitral Valve Prolapse] | * [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-prolapse/symptoms-causes/syc-20355446 Mayo Clinic - Mitral Valve Prolapse] | ||
* [https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/about-heart-valves American Heart Association - About Heart Valves] | * [https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/about-heart-valves American Heart Association - About Heart Valves] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
* ''Mitral Valve Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment'' by Robert O. Bonow and Patrick T. O'Gara | * ''Mitral Valve Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment'' by Robert O. Bonow and Patrick T. O'Gara | ||
* ''The Natural and Unnatural History of the Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome'' by Philip A. Poole-Wilson | * ''The Natural and Unnatural History of the Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome'' by Philip A. Poole-Wilson | ||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | [[Category:Cardiology]] | ||
[[Category:Heart valve diseases]] | [[Category:Heart valve diseases]] | ||
{{cardiology}} | {{cardiology}} | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 03:57, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Mitral valve prolapse | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Barlow's syndrome, floppy valve syndrome |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Palpitations, chest pain, fatigue, dizziness |
| Complications | Mitral regurgitation, infective endocarditis, arrhythmia |
| Onset | Usually diagnosed in adulthood |
| Duration | Long-term |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetic factors, connective tissue disorders |
| Risks | Family history, Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome |
| Diagnosis | Echocardiography, physical examination |
| Differential diagnosis | Mitral regurgitation, atrial septal defect, anxiety disorder |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Beta blockers, surgery for severe cases |
| Medication | Beta blockers |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | 2-3% of the population |
| Deaths | Rarely directly causes death |
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)[edit]
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) is a common cardiac condition where the mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, fails to close properly. This malfunction allows blood to leak backward into the left atrium from the left ventricle, a process known as regurgitation. MVP is often characterized by a distinctive heart murmur, which can be identified during a physical examination. While many individuals with MVP do not experience symptoms, some may encounter chest pain, palpitations, and disturbed heart rhythm.
Anatomy of the Mitral Valve[edit]
The mitral valve plays a crucial role in the heart's function by ensuring unidirectional blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. It comprises two leaflets (or cusps) that open and close with each heartbeat. In MVP, these leaflets bulge (prolapse) into the left atrium during systole (the heart's contraction phase).
Causes[edit]
MVP can be caused by a variety of factors, including congenital heart defects, age-related changes, and connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome. The exact cause is often idiopathic, meaning it arises spontaneously without a known reason.
Symptoms[edit]
While many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic, symptoms can include:
- Palpitations
- Chest pain not associated with coronary artery disease
- Fatigue
- Shortness of breath, especially during exercise
- Light-headedness
- Dizziness
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of MVP typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests including:
- Echocardiography: An ultrasound of the heart that provides detailed images of the mitral valve and can assess the severity of prolapse and regurgitation.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): To detect any disturbances in heart rhythm.
- Chest X-ray: To view the heart's shape and size.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for MVP depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of symptoms. Most individuals with mild MVP do not require treatment, but monitoring is essential to detect any changes over time. For symptomatic patients or those with significant mitral regurgitation, treatment options may include:
- Medications to manage symptoms (e.g., beta-blockers for palpitations)
- Mitral valve repair or replacement in severe cases
- Lifestyle changes and avoidance of stimulants like caffeine and tobacco
Lifestyle and Management[edit]
Individuals with MVP should engage in regular follow-up care, including echocardiograms to monitor the condition's progression. Healthy lifestyle choices, such as regular exercise and a balanced diet, are recommended to maintain cardiovascular health.
Implications[edit]
Although MVP is generally not life-threatening, it can increase the risk of mitral regurgitation, infective endocarditis, and, in rare cases, cardiac arrhythmias. Proper management and regular monitoring can mitigate these risks.
External Links[edit]
References[edit]
<references/>
- Mitral Valve Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment by Robert O. Bonow and Patrick T. O'Gara
- The Natural and Unnatural History of the Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome by Philip A. Poole-Wilson
Cardiovascular disease A-Z
Most common cardiac diseases
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Cardiogenetic disorders
- Cardiomegaly
- Cardiomyopathy
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- Chronic rheumatic heart diseases
- Congenital heart defects
- Heart neoplasia
- Ischemic heart diseases
- Pericardial disorders
- Syndromes affecting the heart
- Valvular heart disease
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
A[edit]
- Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
- Acute decompensated heart failure
- Arteriosclerotic heart disease
- Athletic heart syndrome
- Atrial flutter
- Atrioventricular fistula
- Cardiovascular disease in Australia
- Autoimmune heart disease
B[edit]
C[edit]
- Ebb Cade
- Cardiac allograft vasculopathy
- Cardiac amyloidosis
- Cardiac asthma
- Cardiac tamponade
- Cardiogenic shock
- Cardiogeriatrics
- Cardiorenal syndrome
- Cardiotoxicity
- Carditis
- Coronary artery aneurysm
- Coronary artery anomaly
- Coronary artery disease
- Spontaneous coronary artery dissection
- Coronary artery ectasia
- Coronary occlusion
- Coronary steal
- Coronary thrombosis
- Coronary vasospasm
- Cœur en sabot
- Coxsackievirus-induced cardiomyopathy
D[edit]
E[edit]
H[edit]
- Heart attack
- Heart failure
- Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- Heart to Heart (1949 film)
- High-output heart failure
- Hyperdynamic precordium
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
I[edit]
- Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis
- Interventricular dyssynchrony
- Intraventricular dyssynchrony
- Isolated atrial amyloidosis
K[edit]
L[edit]
M[edit]
- Mydicar
- Myocardial bridge
- Myocardial disarray
- Myocardial rupture
- Myocardial scarring
- Myocardial stunning
- Myocarditis
N[edit]
O[edit]
P[edit]
- Papillary fibroelastoma
- Pathophysiology of heart failure
- Postpericardiotomy syndrome
- Pulmonary vein stenosis
R[edit]
S[edit]
- Saturated fat and cardiovascular disease
- SCAR-Fc
- Shone's syndrome
- Strain pattern
- Subacute bacterial endocarditis
- Sudden cardiac death of athletes
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
T[edit]
V[edit]
W[edit]
