Papilloma: Difference between revisions

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{{addref|date=May 2013}}
{{Short description|Benign epithelial tumor characterized by finger-like projections}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name           = Papilloma
| name = Papilloma
| synonyms       =  
| synonyms = Papillomata
| image           = H&E 10x papilloma.jpg
| image = H&E 10x papilloma.jpg
| caption         = [[Intraductal papilloma]] of breast, H&E, 10x
| caption = [[Intraductal papilloma]] of breast, H&E stain, 10x magnification
| pronounce       =  
| pronounce =
| field           =  
| field = [[Oncology]], [[Dermatology]], [[Pathology]]
| symptoms       =  
| symptoms = Small, exophytic growths with a cauliflower-like appearance
| complications   =  
| complications = Potential for irritation or infection
| onset           =  
| onset = Varies, can be weeks to years
| duration       =  
| duration = May persist without treatment
| types           =  
| types = Squamous cell papilloma, Intraductal papilloma, Urothelial papilloma
| causes         =  
| causes = Human papillomavirus (HPV), unknown in some cases
| risks           =  
| risks = HPV exposure, weakened immune system
| diagnosis       =  
| diagnosis = [[Histopathology]], [[Biopsy]]
| differential   =  
| differential = [[Verruca vulgaris]], [[Condyloma acuminatum]], [[Focal epithelial hyperplasia]]
| prevention     =  
| prevention = HPV vaccination, good hygiene
| treatment       =  
| treatment = Surgical excision, laser therapy
| medication     =  
| medication = None required in most cases
| prognosis       =  
| prognosis = Benign, low recurrence risk after excision
| frequency       =  
| frequency = Common
| deaths         =  
| deaths = None directly related
}}
}}
A '''papilloma''' (plural '''papillomas''' or '''papillomata''') (''[[wikt:papillo-|papillo-]]'' + ''[[wikt:-oma|-oma]]'') is a [[Benign tumor|benign]] [[epithelial]] [[tumor]]<ref>{{DorlandsDict|six/000077986|papilloma}}</ref> growing exophytically (outwardly projecting) in [[nipple]]-like and often [[finger]]-like [[fronds]]. In this context, [[wiktionary:papilla|papilla]] refers to the projection created by the tumor, not a tumor on an already existing papilla (such as the nipple).
'''Papilloma''' (plural: '''papillomas''' or '''papillomata''') is a benign epithelial tumor that grows exophytically (outwardly projecting), forming nipple-like or finger-like fronds. The term "papilla" in this context refers to the growth projection itself, not necessarily a tumor on an existing papilla (e.g., nipple).


[[File:Eyelid papilloma -- low mag.jpg|thumb|Eyelid papilloma -- low_mag]]
Papillomas are often associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), which can lead to conditions such as warts and, in some cases, cervical cancer. However, not all papillomas are caused by HPV, and many have unknown etiologies.
 
When used without context, it frequently refers to infections ([[squamous cell papilloma]]) caused by [[human papillomavirus]] (HPV), such as [[wart]]s. Human papillomavirus infection is a major cause of [[cervical cancer]], although most HPV infections do not cause cancer.<ref name="IQ2014">{{cite journal|date=30 July 2014|title=Warts: Overview|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072770/|deadurl=no|publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910145251/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072770/|archivedate=10 September 2017|df=}}</ref> There are, however, a number of other conditions that cause papilloma, as well as many cases in which there is no known cause.


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title='''{{PAGENAME}}'''  
title='''Papilloma Overview'''
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==Signs and symptoms==
== Signs and Symptoms ==
A benign papillomatous tumor is derived from epithelium, with [[cauliflower]]-like projections that arise from the [[Mucous membrane|mucosal]] surface.
A benign papillomatous tumor is derived from the epithelium and appears as a cauliflower-like projection that arises from a mucosal or cutaneous surface. Features include:
It may appear white or normal colored. It may be [[pedunculated]] or [[Sessility (medicine)|sessile]]. The average size is between 1–5&nbsp;cm. Neither sex is significantly more likely to develop them. The most common site is the [[palate]]-[[uvula]] area followed by tongue and lips. Durations range from weeks to 10 years.
* Color: White or normal skin color.
* Size: Typically 1–5 cm in diameter.
* Shape: Pedunculated (stalk-like) or sessile (flat-based).
* Location: Common in the palate-uvula area, tongue, lips, and skin.
* Duration: Can persist for weeks to years.
* Sex prevalence: No significant gender predilection.
 
== Causes ==
Many papillomas are linked to human papillomavirus (HPV), specifically types 6 and 11, which are commonly associated with squamous cell papillomas.
 
== Types ==
Papillomas can occur in various tissues and structures, including:
* Squamous cell papilloma – Often found in the skin and oral cavity.
* Intraductal papilloma – Found in the breast ducts, associated with nipple discharge.
* Urothelial papilloma – A rare, benign bladder tumor.
* Inverted papilloma – Found in the nasal cavity and sinuses.


==Cause==
== Diagnosis ==
[[Immunoperoxidase]] stains have identified antigens of the human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 in approximately 50% of cases of [[squamous cell papilloma]].
Papillomas are diagnosed through:
* Clinical examination – Based on appearance and location.
* Histopathology – Microscopic examination of biopsied tissue.
* Immunoperoxidase stains – Used to detect HPV antigens in suspected cases.


==Prognosis==
== Differential Diagnosis ==
There is no evidence that papillomas are [[premalignant]].
Conditions that may mimic papilloma include:
* Intraoral verruca vulgaris – Common wart.
* Condyloma acuminatum – Genital wart caused by HPV.
* Focal epithelial hyperplasia – HPV-associated mucosal lesion.


==Differential diagnosis==
== Prognosis ==
* Intraoral [[verruca vulgaris]],  
Papillomas are benign with no evidence of malignancy or premalignant potential. However, persistent lesions should be evaluated to rule out malignancy.
* [[Condyloma acuminatum]], and
* [[Focal epithelial hyperplasia]].


Note: differentiation is done accurately by [[Histopathology|microscopic examination]] only.
== Treatment ==
Papillomas are usually removed with conservative surgical excision, which has a low recurrence rate. Other treatment options include:
* Laser ablation – Useful for warts and oral lesions.
* Cryotherapy – Freezing treatment, effective for skin lesions.
* Electrocautery – Burning off the lesion with electrical current.


==Treatment==
== Prevention ==
With conservative surgical excision, recurrence is rare.
While not all papillomas are preventable, those linked to HPV can be reduced by:
* HPV vaccination – Protects against high-risk HPV strains.
* Safe hygiene practices – Reduces risk of viral spread.


==See also==
== See Also ==
*[[Skin tag]]
* [[Skin tag]]
*[[Inverted papilloma]]
* [[Wart]]
* [[Inverted papilloma]]
* [[Squamous cell papilloma]]
* [[Squamous cell papilloma]]
* [[Urothelial papilloma]]
* [[Urothelial papilloma]]
* [[Intraductal papilloma]] of breast
* [[Intraductal papilloma]]
* [[Wart]]
**[[Genital wart]]
**[[Plantar wart]]
* [[Papillomavirus]]
* [[Papillomavirus]]
** [[Human papillomavirus]]
* [[Human papillomavirus]]


==References==
== External Links ==
{{Reflist}}
 
== External links ==
{{Medical resources
{{Medical resources
| DiseasesDB     =
| DiseasesDB =
| ICD10         =
| ICD10 =
| ICD9           =
| ICD9 =
| ICDO           = 8050/0
| ICDO = 8050/0
| OMIM           =
| OMIM =
| MedlinePlus   =
| MedlinePlus =
| eMedicineSubj =
| eMedicineSubj =
| eMedicineTopic =
| eMedicineTopic =
| MeshID         = D010212
| MeshID = D010212
}}
}}
{{wiktionary|papilloma}}
{{wiktionary|papilloma}}
* [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/250795-overview Choroid Plexus Papilloma] - Palmer, Cheryl Ann and Daniel Keith Harrison; [[EMedicine]]; Jun 5, 2008
* [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/250795-overview Choroid Plexus Papilloma] - Palmer, Cheryl Ann and Daniel Keith Harrison; [[EMedicine]]
 


{{ICDOMorphology}}
{{ICDOMorphology}}
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[[Category:Glandular and epithelial neoplasia]]
[[Category:Glandular and epithelial neoplasia]]
[[Category:Histopathology]]
[[Category:Histopathology]]
{{stb}}
{{stub}}

Latest revision as of 00:54, 20 March 2025

Benign epithelial tumor characterized by finger-like projections


Papilloma
File:H&E 10x papilloma.jpg
Synonyms Papillomata
Pronounce
Field Oncology, Dermatology, Pathology
Symptoms Small, exophytic growths with a cauliflower-like appearance
Complications Potential for irritation or infection
Onset Varies, can be weeks to years
Duration May persist without treatment
Types Squamous cell papilloma, Intraductal papilloma, Urothelial papilloma
Causes Human papillomavirus (HPV), unknown in some cases
Risks HPV exposure, weakened immune system
Diagnosis Histopathology, Biopsy
Differential diagnosis Verruca vulgaris, Condyloma acuminatum, Focal epithelial hyperplasia
Prevention HPV vaccination, good hygiene
Treatment Surgical excision, laser therapy
Medication None required in most cases
Prognosis Benign, low recurrence risk after excision
Frequency Common
Deaths None directly related


Papilloma (plural: papillomas or papillomata) is a benign epithelial tumor that grows exophytically (outwardly projecting), forming nipple-like or finger-like fronds. The term "papilla" in this context refers to the growth projection itself, not necessarily a tumor on an existing papilla (e.g., nipple).

Papillomas are often associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), which can lead to conditions such as warts and, in some cases, cervical cancer. However, not all papillomas are caused by HPV, and many have unknown etiologies.

Signs and Symptoms[edit]

A benign papillomatous tumor is derived from the epithelium and appears as a cauliflower-like projection that arises from a mucosal or cutaneous surface. Features include:

  • Color: White or normal skin color.
  • Size: Typically 1–5 cm in diameter.
  • Shape: Pedunculated (stalk-like) or sessile (flat-based).
  • Location: Common in the palate-uvula area, tongue, lips, and skin.
  • Duration: Can persist for weeks to years.
  • Sex prevalence: No significant gender predilection.

Causes[edit]

Many papillomas are linked to human papillomavirus (HPV), specifically types 6 and 11, which are commonly associated with squamous cell papillomas.

Types[edit]

Papillomas can occur in various tissues and structures, including:

  • Squamous cell papilloma – Often found in the skin and oral cavity.
  • Intraductal papilloma – Found in the breast ducts, associated with nipple discharge.
  • Urothelial papilloma – A rare, benign bladder tumor.
  • Inverted papilloma – Found in the nasal cavity and sinuses.

Diagnosis[edit]

Papillomas are diagnosed through:

  • Clinical examination – Based on appearance and location.
  • Histopathology – Microscopic examination of biopsied tissue.
  • Immunoperoxidase stains – Used to detect HPV antigens in suspected cases.

Differential Diagnosis[edit]

Conditions that may mimic papilloma include:

  • Intraoral verruca vulgaris – Common wart.
  • Condyloma acuminatum – Genital wart caused by HPV.
  • Focal epithelial hyperplasia – HPV-associated mucosal lesion.

Prognosis[edit]

Papillomas are benign with no evidence of malignancy or premalignant potential. However, persistent lesions should be evaluated to rule out malignancy.

Treatment[edit]

Papillomas are usually removed with conservative surgical excision, which has a low recurrence rate. Other treatment options include:

  • Laser ablation – Useful for warts and oral lesions.
  • Cryotherapy – Freezing treatment, effective for skin lesions.
  • Electrocautery – Burning off the lesion with electrical current.

Prevention[edit]

While not all papillomas are preventable, those linked to HPV can be reduced by:

  • HPV vaccination – Protects against high-risk HPV strains.
  • Safe hygiene practices – Reduces risk of viral spread.

See Also[edit]

External Links[edit]

File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg
Look up papilloma in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.


Glandular and epithelial cancer
Epithelium
Glands
Adenomas/
adenocarcinomas
Adnexal and
skin appendage
Cystic, mucinous,
and serous
Ductal, lobular,
and medullary



Human papillomavirus
Related
diseases
Vaccine
Screening
Colposcopy
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