Acs: Difference between revisions

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{{PAGENAME}} - a nationwide, community-based voluntary health organization, the largest private source of cancer research funds in the u.S. Headquartered in atlanta, georgia, the acs has state divisions and more than 3,400 local offices. Acs provides information on cancer incidence, mortality, causes, manifestations, treatment, and prevention, as well as on cancer research and clinical trials, and promotes beneficial policies, laws, and regulations for patients and families affected by cancer.
{{Infobox medical condition
{{med-stub}}
| name = Acute Coronary Syndrome
{{dictionary-stub2}}
| image =
{{short-articles-ni}}
| caption =
| field = [[Cardiology]]
| symptoms = [[Chest pain]], [[shortness of breath]], [[nausea]], [[sweating]]
| complications = [[Myocardial infarction]], [[heart failure]], [[arrhythmia]]
| onset = Sudden
| duration = Variable
| causes = [[Atherosclerosis]], [[coronary artery disease]]
| risks = [[Smoking]], [[hypertension]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[hyperlipidemia]]
| diagnosis = [[Electrocardiogram]], [[blood tests]], [[coronary angiography]]
| treatment = [[Medication]], [[percutaneous coronary intervention]], [[coronary artery bypass grafting]]
| prognosis = Variable
| frequency = Common
}}
 
'''Acute Coronary Syndrome''' (ACS) is a term used to describe a range of conditions associated with sudden, reduced blood flow to the heart. It encompasses conditions such as [[unstable angina]], [[non-ST elevation myocardial infarction]] (NSTEMI), and [[ST elevation myocardial infarction]] (STEMI).
 
==Pathophysiology==
Acute Coronary Syndrome is primarily caused by the rupture of an [[atherosclerotic plaque]] in a [[coronary artery]]. This rupture leads to the formation of a [[thrombus]] (blood clot) that can partially or completely block the flow of blood to the heart muscle. The resulting ischemia (lack of oxygen) can cause damage to the heart muscle, leading to the symptoms and complications associated with ACS.
 
==Risk Factors==
Several risk factors contribute to the development of ACS, including:
* [[Smoking]]
* [[Hypertension]]
* [[Diabetes mellitus]]
* [[Hyperlipidemia]]
* [[Obesity]]
* [[Sedentary lifestyle]]
* [[Family history]] of coronary artery disease
 
==Symptoms==
The symptoms of ACS can vary, but commonly include:
* [[Chest pain]] or discomfort, often described as a pressure or squeezing sensation
* [[Shortness of breath]]
* [[Nausea]] or [[vomiting]]
* [[Sweating]]
* [[Lightheadedness]] or [[dizziness]]
 
==Diagnosis==
The diagnosis of ACS is based on a combination of clinical evaluation, [[electrocardiogram]] (ECG) findings, and [[blood tests]].
 
===Electrocardiogram===
An ECG is used to detect changes in the heart's electrical activity that may indicate ischemia or infarction. Specific patterns, such as ST-segment elevation or depression, can help differentiate between STEMI and NSTEMI.
 
===Blood Tests===
Blood tests are used to measure cardiac biomarkers, such as [[troponin]], which are released into the bloodstream when the heart muscle is damaged.
 
===Coronary Angiography===
In some cases, a [[coronary angiography]] may be performed to visualize the coronary arteries and assess the extent of blockage.
 
==Treatment==
The treatment of ACS aims to restore blood flow to the heart and prevent further complications. Treatment options include:
 
===Medications===
* [[Antiplatelet drugs]] (e.g., [[aspirin]], [[clopidogrel]])
* [[Anticoagulants]] (e.g., [[heparin]])
* [[Beta-blockers]]
* [[ACE inhibitors]]
* [[Statins]]
 
===Percutaneous Coronary Intervention===
[[Percutaneous coronary intervention]] (PCI) involves the use of a balloon catheter to open up blocked coronary arteries, often followed by the placement of a [[stent]] to keep the artery open.
 
===Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting===
In some cases, [[coronary artery bypass grafting]] (CABG) may be necessary to bypass blocked arteries and improve blood flow to the heart.
 
==Prognosis==
The prognosis for individuals with ACS varies depending on the severity of the condition, the timeliness of treatment, and the presence of underlying health issues. Early intervention and adherence to treatment can improve outcomes significantly.
 
==Prevention==
Preventive measures for ACS include lifestyle modifications such as quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and managing risk factors like hypertension and diabetes.
 
==See Also==
* [[Coronary artery disease]]
* [[Myocardial infarction]]
* [[Angina pectoris]]
 
{{Cardiology}}
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Medical emergencies]]
[[Category:Ischemic heart diseases]]

Latest revision as of 17:20, 1 January 2025

Acute Coronary Syndrome
Synonyms N/A
Pronounce N/A
Specialty N/A
Symptoms Chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, sweating
Complications Myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmia
Onset Sudden
Duration Variable
Types N/A
Causes Atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease
Risks Smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia
Diagnosis Electrocardiogram, blood tests, coronary angiography
Differential diagnosis N/A
Prevention N/A
Treatment Medication, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting
Medication N/A
Prognosis Variable
Frequency Common
Deaths N/A


Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a term used to describe a range of conditions associated with sudden, reduced blood flow to the heart. It encompasses conditions such as unstable angina, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Pathophysiology[edit]

Acute Coronary Syndrome is primarily caused by the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque in a coronary artery. This rupture leads to the formation of a thrombus (blood clot) that can partially or completely block the flow of blood to the heart muscle. The resulting ischemia (lack of oxygen) can cause damage to the heart muscle, leading to the symptoms and complications associated with ACS.

Risk Factors[edit]

Several risk factors contribute to the development of ACS, including:

Symptoms[edit]

The symptoms of ACS can vary, but commonly include:

Diagnosis[edit]

The diagnosis of ACS is based on a combination of clinical evaluation, electrocardiogram (ECG) findings, and blood tests.

Electrocardiogram[edit]

An ECG is used to detect changes in the heart's electrical activity that may indicate ischemia or infarction. Specific patterns, such as ST-segment elevation or depression, can help differentiate between STEMI and NSTEMI.

Blood Tests[edit]

Blood tests are used to measure cardiac biomarkers, such as troponin, which are released into the bloodstream when the heart muscle is damaged.

Coronary Angiography[edit]

In some cases, a coronary angiography may be performed to visualize the coronary arteries and assess the extent of blockage.

Treatment[edit]

The treatment of ACS aims to restore blood flow to the heart and prevent further complications. Treatment options include:

Medications[edit]

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention[edit]

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) involves the use of a balloon catheter to open up blocked coronary arteries, often followed by the placement of a stent to keep the artery open.

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting[edit]

In some cases, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) may be necessary to bypass blocked arteries and improve blood flow to the heart.

Prognosis[edit]

The prognosis for individuals with ACS varies depending on the severity of the condition, the timeliness of treatment, and the presence of underlying health issues. Early intervention and adherence to treatment can improve outcomes significantly.

Prevention[edit]

Preventive measures for ACS include lifestyle modifications such as quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and managing risk factors like hypertension and diabetes.

See Also[edit]



Cardiovascular disease A-Z

Most common cardiac diseases

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