Pediatrics: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 00:57, 20 March 2025

Medical specialty focusing on the health of infants, children, and adolescents

Pediatrics (also spelled paediatrics or pædiatrics) is the branch of medicine that focuses on the health, development, and medical care of infants, children, and adolescents. The age limit for pediatric care varies globally, with some regions considering it up to 18 years, while others extend it until 21 years, especially in the United States.

A medical specialist in this field is called a pediatrician or paediatrician. The term pediatrics derives from the Greek words pais (child) and iatros (healer), meaning "healer of children."

Scope and Responsibilities[edit]

Pediatricians play a vital role in managing children's health, from birth to adolescence. Their responsibilities include:

Preventive care – Regular check-ups, vaccinations, and screenings.
Diagnosis and treatment – Managing both acute and chronic illnesses in children.
Developmental monitoring – Ensuring healthy physical and cognitive growth.
Guidance and support – Providing parental counseling on nutrition, safety, and mental health.

Pediatricians often collaborate with other medical specialists such as child psychologists, pediatric surgeons, and pediatric neurologists to ensure comprehensive care.

Education and Training[edit]

Pediatricians undergo extensive education and training: 1. Undergraduate Degree – Typically in science or pre-medical fields. 2. Medical School – A 4-6 year program leading to an MD or DO degree. 3. Pediatric Residency – 3-4 years of specialized training in child health. 4. Fellowship (Optional) – Additional 2-3 years for pediatric subspecialties such as neonatology, pediatric cardiology, or oncology.

In many countries, pediatricians must pass board certification exams to practice independently.

Differences Between Pediatric and Adult Medicine[edit]

Pediatrics differs from adult medicine due to the unique physiological and developmental characteristics of children:

Body size differences – Pediatric patients have smaller, developing organs requiring specialized treatment.
Growth and development – Pediatricians monitor changes in growth patterns, neurodevelopment, and puberty.
Congenital disorders – Genetic conditions are more common concerns in pediatrics.
Parental involvement – Pediatricians must work closely with parents and guardians in treatment decisions.

Additionally, legal considerations such as guardianship, consent, and privacy laws play an essential role in pediatric care.

Subspecialties in Pediatrics[edit]

Pediatrics is a broad medical field with multiple subspecialties, including:

Neonatology – Care of premature and critically ill newborns.
Pediatric cardiology – Diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects.
Pediatric endocrinology – Management of growth disorders, diabetes, and hormonal imbalances.
Pediatric gastroenterology – Treatment of digestive disorders.
Pediatric neurology – Management of neurological conditions such as epilepsy and cerebral palsy.
Pediatric oncology – Diagnosis and treatment of childhood cancers.

Common Pediatric Conditions[edit]

Pediatricians manage various childhood diseases and disorders, including:

Acute conditions – Respiratory infections, ear infections, and gastroenteritis.
Chronic conditions – Asthma, diabetes, epilepsy, and congenital heart diseases.
Developmental disorders – Autism spectrum disorders, ADHD, and speech delays.
Infectious diseases – Measles, chickenpox, and whooping cough.

Pediatric Preventive Care[edit]

Preventive healthcare is a key component of pediatrics and includes:

Vaccination programs – Immunizations against measles, polio, hepatitis, and influenza.
Regular health check-ups – Growth monitoring, developmental assessments.
Nutritional guidance – Promotion of healthy eating habits.
Safety education – Prevention of accidents, poisoning, and injuries.

Pediatric Procedures and Tests[edit]

Pediatricians perform a variety of diagnostic and screening tests, including:

Blood Tests[edit]

Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Blood lead levels
Liver and kidney function tests
Blood glucose and cholesterol tests
Allergy testing

Imaging Studies[edit]

X-rays
Ultrasound
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
CT Scan
Echocardiogram (ECHO) – For heart structure and function evaluation.

Other Tests[edit]

Electroencephalogram (EEG) – Measures brain activity.
Electromyogram (EMG) – Assesses nerve and muscle function.
Pulmonary function tests – Diagnoses asthma and respiratory disorders.
Sleep studies – Identifies sleep disorders such as sleep apnea.

Work Environment[edit]

Pediatricians work in various settings, including:

Hospitals – Including pediatric emergency rooms and NICUs (Neonatal Intensive Care Units).
Clinics – Outpatient care and routine check-ups.
Private practices – Individual or group-based medical offices.
Research institutions – Studying pediatric diseases and treatments.
Universities and medical schools – Teaching and training future pediatricians.

History of Pediatrics[edit]

The field of pediatrics has evolved significantly over the centuries:

1802 – The first pediatric hospital, Hôpital des Enfants Malades, was established in Paris.
1830s – Pediatric hospitals founded in Berlin, Vienna, and Saint Petersburg.
1852 – Great Ormond Street Hospital became the first dedicated pediatric hospital in the English-speaking world.
1855 – Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia became the first pediatric hospital in the United States.
20th Century – The development of vaccines, antibiotics, and advanced treatments

External Links[edit]

Pediatric glossary of terms | Glossary of medical terms | Dictionary of pediatrics

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-<!--T:1-->
+[[File:Newborn_Examination_1967.jpg|Newborn examination in 1967|thumb]]
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+[[File:Great_Ormond_Street_Hospital.jpg|Great Ormond Street Hospital|thumb]]
-'''Pediatrics''' ([[American and British English differences|also spelled]] '''paediatrics''' or '''pædiatrics''') is the branch of [[medicine]] that deals with the medical care of [[infant]]s, [[child]]ren, and [[adolescent]]s, and the age limit usually ranges from birth up to 18 (in some places until completion of [[secondary education]], and until age 21 in the United States). A [[physician|medical practitioner]] who specializes in this area is known as a '''pediatrician''', or '''paediatrician'''. The word ''paediatrics'' and its [[cognates]] mean ''healer of children''.
+{{Short description|Medical specialty focusing on the health of infants, children, and adolescents}}
-<!--T:2-->
+'''Pediatrics''' (also spelled '''paediatrics''' or '''pædiatrics''') is the branch of [[medicine]] that focuses on the health, development, and medical care of infants, children, and adolescents. The age limit for pediatric care varies globally, with some regions considering it up to 18 years, while others extend it until 21 years, especially in the United States.
-In the United States, a ''pediatrician'' is often a [[general practitioner|primary care physician]] who specializes in children, whilst in the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] a ''paediatrician'' in paediatrics but generally not as a primary [[general practitioner]].
-==Education==
+A medical specialist in this field is called a pediatrician or paediatrician. The term ''pediatrics'' derives from the Greek words ''pais'' (child) and ''iatros'' (healer), meaning "healer of children."
-Pediatricians are medical doctors who have completed additional training in the field of child health and development. They are licensed to assess and diagnose health conditions, as well as provide treatment and support to children and their families.
-==Preventive care==
-One of the key roles of a pediatrician is to provide preventive care. This involves regular check-ups and immunizations to help ensure that children are growing and developing normally. Pediatricians may also identify and treat health conditions that are common in children, such as respiratory infections, allergies, and injuries.
-==Chronic conditions==
-In addition to providing preventive care and treating common health conditions, pediatricians may also be involved in managing chronic health conditions that affect children. These may include conditions such as asthma, diabetes, and epilepsy. In these cases, pediatricians work closely with their patients and their families to develop a treatment plan that meets the child's unique needs and goals.
-==Work environment==
-Pediatricians may work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, and private practices. They may also be involved in research, education, and policy development related to child health.
-==History==
+== Scope and Responsibilities ==
-<!--T:4-->
+Pediatricians play a vital role in managing children's health, from birth to adolescence. Their responsibilities include:
-In the [[Western world]], the first generally accepted pediatric hospital is the ''Hôpital des Enfants Malades'' ([[French language|French]]: Hospital for Sick Children), which opened in Paris in June 1802 on the site of a previous orphanage.<ref name="Ballbriga">{{Cite book|last1= Ballbriga |first1= Angel |editor1-first= Burford L. ''et al.'' (eds) |editor1-last=Nichols |title= History of Paediatrics 1850–1950  |trans_title= |url= |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= Nestlé Nutrition Workshop Series |volume= 22 |date= |year= 1991 |month= |origyear= |publisher= Raven Press |location= New York, NY |language= |isbn= 0-88167-695-0 |pages=  6–8 |trans_chapter= |chapter= 'One century of pediatrics in Europe (section: development of pediatric hospitals in Europe)' }}</ref> From its beginning, this famous hospital accepted patients up to the age of fifteen years,<ref name = "Paris19">{{Citation/make link|http://www.aphp.fr/site/histoire/1901_hopitaux_pediatriques.htm|official history site (in French) of nineteenth century paediatric hospitals in Paris}}</ref> and it continues to this day as the pediatric division of the [[Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital]], created in 1920 by merging with the physically contiguous ''Necker Hospital'', founded in 1778.
+* Preventive care – Regular check-ups, vaccinations, and screenings.
+* Diagnosis and treatment – Managing both acute and chronic illnesses in children.
+* Developmental monitoring – Ensuring healthy physical and cognitive growth.
+* Guidance and support – Providing parental counseling on nutrition, safety, and mental health.
-<!--T:5-->
+Pediatricians often collaborate with other medical specialists such as child psychologists, pediatric surgeons, and pediatric neurologists to ensure comprehensive care.
-This example was only gradually followed in other European countries. The [[Charité]] (a hospital founded in 1710) in [[Berlin]] established a separate Pediatric Pavilion in 1830, followed by similar institutions at [[Sankt Petersburg]] in 1834, and at [[Vienna]] and [[Breslau]] (now [[Wrocław]]), both in 1837. The English-speaking world waited until 1852 for its first pediatric hospital, [[Great Ormond Street Hospital|the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street]], some fifty years after the founding of its namesake in Paris.<ref name="Ballbriga" /> In the USA, the first similar institutions were the [[Children's Hospital of Philadelphia]], which opened in 1855, and then [[Boston Children's Hospital]] (1869).<ref name = "Pearson">{{Cite book|last1= Pearson |first1= Howard A. |editor1-first= Burford L. ''et al.'' (eds) |editor1-last=Nichols |title= History of Paediatrics 1850–1950  |trans_title= |url= |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= Nestlé Nutrition Workshop Series |volume= 22 |date= |year= 1991 |month= |origyear= |publisher= Raven Press |location= New York, NY |language= |isbn= 0-88167-695-0 |pages=  55–63 |trans_chapter= |chapter= 'Pediatrics in the United States' }}</ref>
-==Differences between adult and pediatric medicine== <!--T:6-->
+== Education and Training ==
-The body size differences are paralleled by maturational changes. The smaller body of an [[infant]] or [[neonate]] is substantially different physiologically from that of an adult. Congenital defects, genetic variance, and developmental issues are of greater concern to pediatricians than they often are to adult physicians.
+Pediatricians undergo extensive education and training:
+. Undergraduate Degree – Typically in science or pre-medical fields.
+. Medical School – A 4-6 year program leading to an MD or DO degree.
+. Pediatric Residency – 3-4 years of specialized training in child health.
+. Fellowship (Optional) – Additional 2-3 years for pediatric subspecialties such as neonatology, pediatric cardiology, or oncology.
-<!--T:7-->
+In many countries, pediatricians must pass board certification exams to practice independently.
-A major difference between pediatrics and adult medicine is that children are minors and, in most [[jurisdiction]]s, cannot make decisions for themselves. The issues of [[guardianship]], privacy, legal responsibility and informed consent must always be considered in every pediatric procedure. In a sense, pediatricians often have to treat the parents and sometimes, the family, rather than just the child. Adolescents are in their own legal class, having rights to their own health care decisions in certain circumstances. In basic terms, pediatricians take care of all of the children's needs from emotional support to medical support.
-==Training of pediatricians== <!--T:8-->
+== Differences Between Pediatric and Adult Medicine ==
-<!--T:9-->
+Pediatrics differs from adult medicine due to the unique physiological and developmental characteristics of children:
-The training of pediatricians varies considerably across the world.
+* Body size differences – Pediatric patients have smaller, developing organs requiring specialized treatment.
-Depending on jurisdiction and university, a medical degree course may be either undergraduate-entry or  graduate-entry. The former commonly takes five or six years, and has been usual in the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]]. Entrants to graduate-entry courses (as in the USA), usually lasting four or five years, have previously completed a three- or four-year university degree, commonly but by no means always in sciences. Medical graduates hold a degree specific to the country and university in and from which they graduated. This degree qualifies that medical practitioner to become licensed or registered under the laws of that particular country, and sometimes of several countries, subject to requirements for "[[medical intern|internship]]" or "conditional registration".
+* Growth and development – Pediatricians monitor changes in growth patterns, neurodevelopment, and puberty.
-Pediatricians must undertake further training in their chosen field. This may take from four to eleven or more years, (depending on jurisdiction and the degree of specialization). The post-graduate training for a [[primary care physician]], including primary care pediatricians, is generally not as lengthy as for a hospital-based [[medical specialist]].
+* Congenital disorders – Genetic conditions are more common concerns in pediatrics.
-In most jurisdictions, entry-level degrees are common to all branches of the medical profession, but in some jurisdictions, specialization in pediatrics may begin before completion of this degree. In some jurisdictions, pediatric training is begun immediately following completion of entry-level training. In other jurisdictions, junior medical doctors must undertake [[generalist]] (unstreamed) training for a number of years before commencing pediatric (or any other) [[Specialty (medicine)|specialization]]. Specialist training is often largely under the control of '''pediatric organizations''' (see below) rather than universities,and depending on jurisdiction.
+* Parental involvement – Pediatricians must work closely with parents and guardians in treatment decisions.
-==Summary==
-It is important to note that the field of pediatrics is broad and complex, and pediatricians often work as part of a team of healthcare professionals to provide the best possible care to their patients. This may include working with other doctors, nurses, and other specialists, as well as collaborating with social workers, psychologists, and other mental health professionals.
-==Subspecialties== <!--T:10-->
+Additionally, legal considerations such as guardianship, consent, and privacy laws play an essential role in pediatric care.
-Subspecialties of pediatrics include:
-* [[Adolescent Medicine]]
-* [[Child Abuse Pediatrician]]
-* [[Neonatology]]
-* [[Pediatric allergy and immunology]]
-* [[Pediatric cardiology]]
-* [[Pediatric critical care]]
-* [[Pediatric dermatology]]
-* [[Pediatric emergency medicine]]
-* [[Pediatric endocrinology]]
-* [[Pediatric gastroenterology]]
-* [[Pediatric hematology]]
-* [[Pediatric infectious disease]]
-* [[Pediatric nephrology]]
-* [[Pediatric neuropsychology]]
-* [[Pediatric oncology]]
-* [[Pediatric ophthalmology]]
-* [[Pediatric psychiatry]]
-* [[Pediatric pulmonology]]
-* [[Pediatric rheumatology]]
-== Pediatric health condtions ==
+== Subspecialties in Pediatrics ==
-* '''[[Pediatric health conditions|List of pediatric health conditions]]'''
+Pediatrics is a broad medical field with multiple subspecialties, including:
-* '''[[Glossary of pediatrics]]'''
+* Neonatology – Care of premature and critically ill newborns.
-* '''[[Dictionary of pediatrics]]'''
+* Pediatric cardiology – Diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects.
+* Pediatric endocrinology – Management of growth disorders, diabetes, and hormonal imbalances.
+* Pediatric gastroenterology – Treatment of digestive disorders.
+* Pediatric neurology – Management of neurological conditions such as epilepsy and cerebral palsy.
+* Pediatric oncology – Diagnosis and treatment of childhood cancers.
-==See also== <!--T:11-->
+== Common Pediatric Conditions ==
-* [[Children's hospital]]
+Pediatricians manage various childhood diseases and disorders, including:
-* [[Medical specialty]]
+* Acute conditions – Respiratory infections, ear infections, and gastroenteritis.
-* [[Child life specialist]]
+* Chronic conditions – Asthma, diabetes, epilepsy, and congenital heart diseases.
-* [[Pain in babies]]
+* Developmental disorders – Autism spectrum disorders, ADHD, and speech delays.
-* [[American Academy of Pediatrics]]
+* Infectious diseases – Measles, chickenpox, and whooping cough.
-* [[American Osteopathic Board of Pediatrics]]
-* [[Pediatric nurse practitioner]]
-* [[Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health]]
-* [[Center on Media and Child Health]] (CMCH)
-Some of the common tests and procedures performed by pediatricians include:
+== Pediatric Preventive Care ==
+Preventive healthcare is a key component of pediatrics and includes:
+* Vaccination programs – Immunizations against measles, polio, hepatitis, and influenza.
+* Regular health check-ups – Growth monitoring, developmental assessments.
+* Nutritional guidance – Promotion of healthy eating habits.
+* Safety education – Prevention of accidents, poisoning, and injuries.
-'''Blood tests including '''
+== Pediatric Procedures and Tests ==
-* [[Liver function tests]] and [[kidney function tests]], [[blood cholesterol]]
+Pediatricians perform a variety of diagnostic and screening tests, including:
-* [[Blood lead levels]]
-* [[Scoliosis]]
-* [[Tuberculosis]] skin testing or blood tests
-* [[CBC with differential]]
-* [[CMP]] blood test
-* [[Allergy tests]]
-* [[Throat culture]]
-'''Imaging studies such as:'''
+=== Blood Tests ===
-* [[CT Scan]]
+* Complete Blood Count (CBC)
-* [[X-ray]]
+* Blood lead levels
-* [[Ultrasound]]
+* Liver and kidney function tests
-* [[MRI]]
+* Blood glucose and cholesterol tests
-* [[Echocardiogram]] (ECHO)
+* Allergy testing
-* [[Electrocardiogram]] (EKG or ECG)
-* [[Electroencephalogram]] (EEG) and Video EEG
-* [[Electromyogram]] (EMG) Laboratory Examination
-* [[Esophagogastroduodenoscopy]] (EGD)
-* [[Esophagram]]
-'''Other tests such as:'''
+=== Imaging Studies ===
-* [[Exercise-induced asthma testing]]
+* X-rays
-* [[Sleep study]]
+* Ultrasound
-* [[Spirometry testing]]
+* MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
+* CT Scan
+* Echocardiogram (ECHO) – For heart structure and function evaluation.
-== List of Pediatricians (USA) ==
+=== Other Tests ===
-{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
+* Electroencephalogram (EEG) – Measures brain activity.
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Alabama|Alabama]]
+* Electromyogram (EMG) – Assesses nerve and muscle function.
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Alaska|Alaska]]
+* Pulmonary function tests – Diagnoses asthma and respiratory disorders.
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Arizona|Arizona]]
+* Sleep studies – Identifies sleep disorders such as sleep apnea.
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Arkansas|Arkansas]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in California|California]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Colorado|Colorado]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Connecticut|Connecticut]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Delaware|Delaware]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Florida|Florida]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Georgia|Georgia]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Hawaii|Hawaii]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Idaho|Idaho]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Illinois|Illinois]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Indiana|Indiana]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Iowa|Iowa]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Kansas|Kansas]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Kentucky|Kentucky]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Louisiana|Louisiana]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Maine|Maine]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Maryland|Maryland]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Michigan|Michigan]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Minnesota|Minnesota]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Mississippi|Mississippi]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Missouri|Missouri]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Montana|Montana]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Nebraska|Nebraska]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Nevada|Nevada]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in New Jersey|New Jersey]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in New Mexico|New Mexico]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in New York|New York]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in North Carolina|North Carolina]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in North Dakota|North Dakota]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Ohio|Ohio]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Oregon|Oregon]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in South Carolina|South Carolina]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in South Dakota|South Dakota]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Tennessee|Tennessee]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Texas|Texas]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Utah|Utah]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Vermont|Vermont]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Virginia|Virginia]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Washington|Washington]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in West Virginia|West Virginia]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Wyoming|Wyoming]]
-''' US territories'''
+== Work Environment ==
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in American Samoa|American Samoa]]
+Pediatricians work in various settings, including:
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Guam|Guam]]
+* Hospitals – Including pediatric emergency rooms and NICUs (Neonatal Intensive Care Units).
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Northern Mariana Islands|Northern Mariana Islands]]
+* Clinics – Outpatient care and routine check-ups.
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Puerto Rico|Puerto Rico]]
+* Private practices – Individual or group-based medical offices.
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in U.S. Virgin Islands|U.S. Virgin Islands]]
+* Research institutions – Studying pediatric diseases and treatments.
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in District of Columbia|District of Columbia]]
+* Universities and medical schools – Teaching and training future pediatricians.
-{{div col end}}
-== Glossary of Pediatrics ==
-{{pediatrics}}
-== Find a pediatrician ==
+== History of Pediatrics ==
-{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
+The field of pediatrics has evolved significantly over the centuries:
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Alabama|Alabama]]
+* 1802 – The first pediatric hospital, ''Hôpital des Enfants Malades,'' was established in Paris.
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Alaska|Alaska]]
+* 1830s – Pediatric hospitals founded in Berlin, Vienna, and Saint Petersburg.
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Arizona|Arizona]]
+* 1852 – ''Great Ormond Street Hospital'' became the first dedicated pediatric hospital in the English-speaking world.
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Arkansas|Arkansas]]
+* 1855 – ''Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia'' became the first pediatric hospital in the United States.
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in California|California]]
+* 20th Century – The development of vaccines, antibiotics, and advanced treatments
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Colorado|Colorado]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Connecticut|Connecticut]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Delaware|Delaware]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Florida|Florida]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Georgia|Georgia]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Hawaii|Hawaii]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Idaho|Idaho]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Illinois|Illinois]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Indiana|Indiana]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Iowa|Iowa]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Kansas|Kansas]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Kentucky|Kentucky]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Louisiana|Louisiana]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Maine|Maine]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Maryland|Maryland]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Michigan|Michigan]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Minnesota|Minnesota]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Mississippi|Mississippi]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Missouri|Missouri]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Montana|Montana]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Nebraska|Nebraska]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Nevada|Nevada]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in New Jersey|New Jersey]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in New Mexico|New Mexico]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in New York|New York]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in North Carolina|North Carolina]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in North Dakota|North Dakota]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Ohio|Ohio]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Oregon|Oregon]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in South Carolina|South Carolina]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in South Dakota|South Dakota]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Tennessee|Tennessee]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Texas|Texas]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Utah|Utah]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Vermont|Vermont]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Virginia|Virginia]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Washington|Washington]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in West Virginia|West Virginia]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]
-* [[:Category:Pediatric medicine providers in Wyoming|Wyoming]]
-{{div col end}}
-<!--T:15-->
+== See Also ==
-==References== <!--T:12-->
+* [[Children's hospital]]
-{{Reflist}}
+* [[Pediatric nurse practitioner]]
+* [[Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)]]
-==Further reading== <!--T:13-->
+* [[Vaccination schedule]]
-* [http://www.contemporarypediatrics.com/contpeds/ Contemporary Pediatrics] – a monthly magazine
+* [[Child development]]
-* [http://clp.sagepub.com Clinical Pediatrics] – a peer-reviewed journal
+* [[American Academy of Pediatrics]]
-* [http://www.pediatricsconsultant360.com/ Consultant for Pediatricians] – a peer-reviewed journal
+* [[Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health]]
-==External links== <!--T:14-->
-* [http://www.aap.org American Academy of Pediatrics]
-* [http://www.cps.ca/ Canadian Paediatric Society]
-* [http://www.bmj.com/specialties/paediatrics Pediatric Collection by the BMJ] – Collection of Pediatric papers published in the British Medical Journal.
-* [http://ec.europa.eu/health-eu/my_health/babies_and_children/index_en.htm Health-EU Portal] – Babies' and Children's health in the EU
-* [http://www.paediatrics.info Paediatrics.info]
-* [http://grandrounds.pediatrics.med.nyu.edu/grandrounds/archive&gnr=538311  New York University Pediatrics Video Lectures]
-* [http://digitalcollections.library.ubc.ca/cdm/landingpage/collection/feeders Infant Feeders Collection] – A historical collection of infant feeding devices from the UBC Library Digital Collections
-* [http://www.medcareerhub.com/how-to-become-a-pediatrician/ Detailed Guide on Becoming a Pediatrician]
-<!--T:16-->
+== External Links ==
-[[Category:Pediatrics|*]]
+{{Medical resources
-{{health}}[[Category:Medical specialties]]
+| DiseasesDB =
-[[Category:Medical doctors by specialty]]
+| ICD10 =
-[[Category:Childhood]]
+| ICD9 =
+| OMIM =
+| MedlinePlus =
+| eMedicineSubj =
+| eMedicineTopic =
+| MeshID =
+}}
+{{Pediatrics}}
+{{Medical specialties}}
+[[Category:Medical specialties]]
+[[Category:Pediatrics]]
+[[Category:Children's health]]
+[[Category:Healthcare occupations]]
+{{stub}}