Cardiorenal syndrome: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Cardiorenal syndrome | |||
| synonyms = CRS | |||
| field = [[Nephrology]], [[Cardiology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Fatigue]], [[shortness of breath]], [[edema]], [[hypertension]] | |||
| complications = [[Heart failure]], [[chronic kidney disease]], [[acute kidney injury]] | |||
| onset = Variable | |||
| duration = Chronic or acute | |||
| types = Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, Type 4, Type 5 | |||
| causes = [[Heart failure]], [[kidney disease]], [[diabetes]], [[hypertension]] | |||
| risks = [[Diabetes mellitus]], [[hypertension]], [[atherosclerosis]], [[age]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood test]], [[urinalysis]], [[echocardiogram]], [[renal ultrasound]] | |||
| differential = [[Heart failure]], [[chronic kidney disease]], [[acute kidney injury]] | |||
| treatment = [[Diuretics]], [[ACE inhibitors]], [[beta blockers]], [[dialysis]] | |||
| medication = [[Furosemide]], [[Lisinopril]], [[Metoprolol]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on underlying conditions | |||
| frequency = Common in patients with heart failure or kidney disease | |||
}} | |||
'''Cardiorenal syndrome''' refers to a group of clinical conditions in which the heart and kidneys dysfunction together, leading to acute or chronic damage to one or both organs. The term "cardiorenal" is derived from the words "cardio" (heart) and "renal" (kidney). The syndrome is classified into five subtypes based on the primary organ of dysfunction and the sequence of involvement. | '''Cardiorenal syndrome''' refers to a group of clinical conditions in which the heart and kidneys dysfunction together, leading to acute or chronic damage to one or both organs. The term "cardiorenal" is derived from the words "cardio" (heart) and "renal" (kidney). The syndrome is classified into five subtypes based on the primary organ of dysfunction and the sequence of involvement. | ||
== Definition == | == Definition == | ||
[[Cardiorenal syndrome]] is defined as a pathological condition in which the dysfunction of either the heart or kidneys induces acute or chronic dysfunction of the other organ. It is a complex pathophysiological process involving various mechanisms, including hemodynamic, neurohormonal, and immunological/inflammatory factors. | [[Cardiorenal syndrome]] is defined as a pathological condition in which the dysfunction of either the heart or kidneys induces acute or chronic dysfunction of the other organ. It is a complex pathophysiological process involving various mechanisms, including hemodynamic, neurohormonal, and immunological/inflammatory factors. | ||
== Classification == | == Classification == | ||
The [[Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative]] (ADQI) group proposed a classification system for cardiorenal syndrome, dividing it into five subtypes: | The [[Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative]] (ADQI) group proposed a classification system for cardiorenal syndrome, dividing it into five subtypes: | ||
# Type 1 (Acute Cardiorenal Syndrome): Acute worsening of heart function leading to kidney injury. | # Type 1 (Acute Cardiorenal Syndrome): Acute worsening of heart function leading to kidney injury. | ||
# Type 2 (Chronic Cardiorenal Syndrome): Chronic abnormalities in heart function leading to kidney injury or dysfunction. | # Type 2 (Chronic Cardiorenal Syndrome): Chronic abnormalities in heart function leading to kidney injury or dysfunction. | ||
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# Type 4 (Chronic Renocardiac Syndrome): Chronic kidney disease leading to heart injury, disease, or dysfunction. | # Type 4 (Chronic Renocardiac Syndrome): Chronic kidney disease leading to heart injury, disease, or dysfunction. | ||
# Type 5 (Secondary Cardiorenal Syndrome): Systemic conditions leading to simultaneous injury or dysfunction of both the heart and kidneys. | # Type 5 (Secondary Cardiorenal Syndrome): Systemic conditions leading to simultaneous injury or dysfunction of both the heart and kidneys. | ||
== Pathophysiology == | == Pathophysiology == | ||
The pathophysiology of cardiorenal syndrome involves complex interactions between the heart and kidneys, mediated by various factors such as hemodynamic changes, neurohormonal activation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The [[Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System]] (RAAS) and [[Sympathetic Nervous System]] (SNS) play significant roles in the development and progression of cardiorenal syndrome. | The pathophysiology of cardiorenal syndrome involves complex interactions between the heart and kidneys, mediated by various factors such as hemodynamic changes, neurohormonal activation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The [[Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System]] (RAAS) and [[Sympathetic Nervous System]] (SNS) play significant roles in the development and progression of cardiorenal syndrome. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment of cardiorenal syndrome involves managing the underlying heart or kidney disease, improving the functional status of the affected organ, and preventing further organ damage. This may include medications, lifestyle modifications, and in severe cases, mechanical or surgical interventions. | Treatment of cardiorenal syndrome involves managing the underlying heart or kidney disease, improving the functional status of the affected organ, and preventing further organ damage. This may include medications, lifestyle modifications, and in severe cases, mechanical or surgical interventions. | ||
== Prognosis == | == Prognosis == | ||
The prognosis of cardiorenal syndrome varies depending on the subtype, severity of organ dysfunction, and the patient's overall health status. In general, the presence of cardiorenal syndrome is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. | The prognosis of cardiorenal syndrome varies depending on the subtype, severity of organ dysfunction, and the patient's overall health status. In general, the presence of cardiorenal syndrome is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. | ||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
* [[Heart failure]] | * [[Heart failure]] | ||
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* [[Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System]] | * [[Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System]] | ||
* [[Sympathetic Nervous System]] | * [[Sympathetic Nervous System]] | ||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | [[Category:Cardiology]] | ||
[[Category:Nephrology]] | [[Category:Nephrology]] | ||
[[Category:Syndromes]] | [[Category:Syndromes]] | ||
{{Cardiology}} | {{Cardiology}} | ||
{{Nephrology}} | {{Nephrology}} | ||
[[Category:Syndromes]] {{stub}} | [[Category:Syndromes]] {{stub}} | ||
{{No image}} | {{No image}} | ||
Latest revision as of 00:34, 4 April 2025
| Cardiorenal syndrome | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | CRS |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fatigue, shortness of breath, edema, hypertension |
| Complications | Heart failure, chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury |
| Onset | Variable |
| Duration | Chronic or acute |
| Types | Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, Type 4, Type 5 |
| Causes | Heart failure, kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension |
| Risks | Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis, age |
| Diagnosis | Blood test, urinalysis, echocardiogram, renal ultrasound |
| Differential diagnosis | Heart failure, chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, dialysis |
| Medication | Furosemide, Lisinopril, Metoprolol |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on underlying conditions |
| Frequency | Common in patients with heart failure or kidney disease |
| Deaths | N/A |
Cardiorenal syndrome refers to a group of clinical conditions in which the heart and kidneys dysfunction together, leading to acute or chronic damage to one or both organs. The term "cardiorenal" is derived from the words "cardio" (heart) and "renal" (kidney). The syndrome is classified into five subtypes based on the primary organ of dysfunction and the sequence of involvement.
Definition[edit]
Cardiorenal syndrome is defined as a pathological condition in which the dysfunction of either the heart or kidneys induces acute or chronic dysfunction of the other organ. It is a complex pathophysiological process involving various mechanisms, including hemodynamic, neurohormonal, and immunological/inflammatory factors.
Classification[edit]
The Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) group proposed a classification system for cardiorenal syndrome, dividing it into five subtypes:
- Type 1 (Acute Cardiorenal Syndrome): Acute worsening of heart function leading to kidney injury.
- Type 2 (Chronic Cardiorenal Syndrome): Chronic abnormalities in heart function leading to kidney injury or dysfunction.
- Type 3 (Acute Renocardiac Syndrome): Acute worsening of kidney function leading to heart injury.
- Type 4 (Chronic Renocardiac Syndrome): Chronic kidney disease leading to heart injury, disease, or dysfunction.
- Type 5 (Secondary Cardiorenal Syndrome): Systemic conditions leading to simultaneous injury or dysfunction of both the heart and kidneys.
Pathophysiology[edit]
The pathophysiology of cardiorenal syndrome involves complex interactions between the heart and kidneys, mediated by various factors such as hemodynamic changes, neurohormonal activation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) and Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) play significant roles in the development and progression of cardiorenal syndrome.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment of cardiorenal syndrome involves managing the underlying heart or kidney disease, improving the functional status of the affected organ, and preventing further organ damage. This may include medications, lifestyle modifications, and in severe cases, mechanical or surgical interventions.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis of cardiorenal syndrome varies depending on the subtype, severity of organ dysfunction, and the patient's overall health status. In general, the presence of cardiorenal syndrome is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
See Also[edit]
- Heart failure
- Chronic kidney disease
- Acute kidney injury
- Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
- Sympathetic Nervous System
Cardiovascular disease A-Z
Most common cardiac diseases
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Cardiogenetic disorders
- Cardiomegaly
- Cardiomyopathy
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- Chronic rheumatic heart diseases
- Congenital heart defects
- Heart neoplasia
- Ischemic heart diseases
- Pericardial disorders
- Syndromes affecting the heart
- Valvular heart disease
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
A[edit]
- Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
- Acute decompensated heart failure
- Arteriosclerotic heart disease
- Athletic heart syndrome
- Atrial flutter
- Atrioventricular fistula
- Cardiovascular disease in Australia
- Autoimmune heart disease
B[edit]
C[edit]
- Ebb Cade
- Cardiac allograft vasculopathy
- Cardiac amyloidosis
- Cardiac asthma
- Cardiac tamponade
- Cardiogenic shock
- Cardiogeriatrics
- Cardiorenal syndrome
- Cardiotoxicity
- Carditis
- Coronary artery aneurysm
- Coronary artery anomaly
- Coronary artery disease
- Spontaneous coronary artery dissection
- Coronary artery ectasia
- Coronary occlusion
- Coronary steal
- Coronary thrombosis
- Coronary vasospasm
- Cœur en sabot
- Coxsackievirus-induced cardiomyopathy
D[edit]
E[edit]
H[edit]
- Heart attack
- Heart failure
- Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- Heart to Heart (1949 film)
- High-output heart failure
- Hyperdynamic precordium
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
I[edit]
- Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis
- Interventricular dyssynchrony
- Intraventricular dyssynchrony
- Isolated atrial amyloidosis
K[edit]
L[edit]
M[edit]
- Mydicar
- Myocardial bridge
- Myocardial disarray
- Myocardial rupture
- Myocardial scarring
- Myocardial stunning
- Myocarditis
N[edit]
O[edit]
P[edit]
- Papillary fibroelastoma
- Pathophysiology of heart failure
- Postpericardiotomy syndrome
- Pulmonary vein stenosis
R[edit]
S[edit]
- Saturated fat and cardiovascular disease
- SCAR-Fc
- Shone's syndrome
- Strain pattern
- Subacute bacterial endocarditis
- Sudden cardiac death of athletes
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
T[edit]
V[edit]
W[edit]
